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Post by aqt on May 7, 2010 17:00:31 GMT -5
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Post by lilsissy on May 7, 2010 17:41:40 GMT -5
By Jesus, that is a great find AQT!!!!
T2 toxin related!
We need to see what he was into , was he the one that was involved with finding the ice on the moon or was it MARS?
If so he was into satellite spy technology too.
Jen
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 19:30:36 GMT -5
Before going after Moshe read this: www.rense.com/general87/bzzr.htm He knew about the ebola in the H1N1 vaccines, I believe as well.And............ we found the crytoccoccus neoformans on SSB thread, was related somewhat to Morgellons.
gatti, is a strain off the crytoccoccus neorformans.
Is not found in tropical island, so there are a few misprints on the news. which news service did that come from?
Is this why Fort detrick is involved? ======================= " Morgellons is actually a psychiatric condition called "delusional parasitosis." Other physicians, who are familiar with treating the disease, say it may be caused by "an airborne, unidentified spore" and that it was developed in the laboratory from an affliction that was first identified in the 1700's. Regardless of its origin, some researchers say that Morgellons is becoming "a very real medical problem in some parts of the country."From above link at Truthout...... ====================
But, this may be of interest..................===================== Although it has been speculated that the 4,000-year old Eleusinian Mysteries of ancient Greece were connected with ergot-induced hallucinations, the earliest authenticated reports of the effects of ergot occurred in Chinese writings in approximately 1100 BC, when the substance was used in obstetrics. A magic spell found in a small temple in Mesopotamia dating to 1900-1700 BC referred to abnormally infested grain as mehru, while Sumerian clay tablets of the same period described the reddening of damp grain as samona. The Assyrians of this era were sufficiently knowledgeable to differentiate between different diseases affecting grain and by 600 BC writings on an Assyrian tablet alluded to a ``noxious pustule in the ear of grain.'' [/b]References to grain diseases have also been found in various books of the Bible in the Old Testament (850-550 BC). In 550 BC the Hearst Papyrus of Egypt described a particular preparation in which a mixture of ergot, oil, and honey was recommended as a treatment for hair growth. In 370 BC Hippocrates furnished a description of corn blight and subsequently described ergot as melanthion, noting its use to halt postpartum hemorrhage. Around 350 BC the Parsi wrote of ``noxious grasses that cause pregnant women to drop the womb and die in childbed,'' while in 322 BC Aristotle postulated that grain rust was caused by warm vapors. Around 286 BC the Greeks concluded that barley was more susceptible than wheat to rust infections, and that windy fields had less rust than damp, shady low-lying ones. Middle Ages to Twentieth Century1-11 The first documented epidemic of ergotism likely occurred in 944-945 AD, when some 20,000 people of the Aquitane region of France (about half of the population) died of the effects of ergot poisoning. Some 50 years later, about 40,000 people reportedly died because of the ``holy fire.'' Up through the 18th Century botanists persisted in considering ergot to be a ``super'' rye, possessing an 1 limb (usually a foot) at a joint, without pain or loss of blood. St. Anthony's Fire was so named because the Order of St. Anthony traditionally cared for sufferers in the Middle Ages, and the condition was characterized by severe burning pain (``fire''). The second form of ergotism, also known as the convulsive form (Ergotismus convulsivus), was particularly common in Germany and was typically characterized by the development of delirium and hallucinations, accompanied by rigid, extremely painful flexed limbs, muscle spasms, convulsions, and severe diarrhea.The term ignis sacer (holy fire) was commonly employed for epidemics of ergotism, but numerous other terms, mainly of Latin derivation, were coined, including: Ignis judicalis, Ignis occultus, Morbus hic tabificus, Mortifer ardor, Pestilens ille morbus, Pestis ignaria, Plaga ignis, Plaga illa, and Plaga invisibilis. Many were quite naturally translated into various European languages, in) cluding French (Feu sacre and German (heilige Feuer). Other terms for ergotism included names of regions (Mal de Cologne) and of saints to whom an appeal for help was made (St. Anthony, St. Martin, St. Martial). In 1 597 scientists at Marburg University observed that signs of ergotism often appeared after blighted rye grains were consumed, and that blight was promoted by cold, damp growing seasons. In 1630 it was observed that feeding of blighted grain to animals produced an illness similar to human ergotism and by the end of the 18th century poisoning was demonstrated in animals. Although the source of ergotism was linked to the consumption of infected rye by 1676, it was the large outbreaks of ergotism in Europe in 1770 and 1777 that Figure 1. Chemical structures of ergot alkaloids and related important compounds.enlarged kernel. Finally, in 1764, ergot was recognized as a fungus by von Munchhausen. Epidemics of ergot poisoning, often termed ergotism, continued to ravage continental Europe through the Middle Ages and outbreaks of ergotism occurred in Germany in 1581, 1587, and 1596. These epidemics were due, in part, to the fact that rye was grown in larger quantities in medieval times, and many people (particularly those less wealthy) ingested contaminated rye flour. These outbreaks were characterized by the production of 2 distinct forms of toxic reactions, with these reactions now being understood to be attributable to the effects of the alkaloids produced by the parasitic ergot fungus which was contained within the ergot fungal body (sclerotium). The fungus-contaminated grain crops along with their fungal metabolites (ergot alkaloids) were ingested with flour prepared from the grain. The first gangrenous form (Ergotismus gangraenosus), commonly known as ``holy fire,'' ``infernal fire,'' or ``St. Anthony's Fire,'' was more common in France and its effects were characterized by pronounced peripheral vasoconstriction of the extremities (limbs). Hands, feet, and whole limbs would swell, producing a violent, burning pain that ultimately culminated in the separation of a dry gangrenous 2 Figure 2. Chemical structures of ergot alkaloids and related important compounds.prompted the introduction of legislation in France and elsewhere. Epidemics of gangrenous ergotism were recorded from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century, while that of convulsive ergotism were documented between 1581 and 1928. Twentieth Century1,12 From 1926 to 1927, some 11,319 cases of ergotism were reported in a population of 506,000 in the vicinity of Sarapol, near the Ural mountains. In 1928, 200 Jewish refugees in Manchester, England, were sickened when they consumed rye bread that had been prepared from rye grown in South Yorkshire. In mid-August of 1951, 230 villagers of the popular French tourist town of Pont Saint-Esprit on the Rhone River were sickened after ingesting contaminated goods from a local baker. They became violently ill with symptoms of severe gastrointestinal upset, dramatic reduction in body temperature, hallucinations, euphoria, and suicidal ideation. Within days, some became extremely delirious and others complained of excruciating burning pains in the extremities, culminating in the development of gangrene in some patients. Early Medicinal Uses1,2,13 In 1582 a preparation of ergot that was employed in small doses by midwives to produce strong uterine contractions was described by Adam Lonicer in his Kreuterbuch. The use of ergot as an oxytocic in childbirth became very popular in France, Germany, and the United States. The first use of the drug in official medicine was described by the American physician John Stearns in 1808, when he reported on the uterine contractile actions of a preparation of ergot obtained from blackened granary rye as a remedy for ``quickening childbirth.'' However, shortly thereafter the number of stillborn neonates rose to a point that the Medical Society of New York initiated an investigation. As a result of this enquiry, it was recommended in 1824 that ergot only be used in the control of postpartum hemorrhage. Ergot was introduced into the first edition of the United States Pharmacopeia in 1820 and into the London Pharmacopeia in 1836. Livestock Poisoning14 Ergot alkaloid contamination of livestock feeds has long been known and has been described in various places. Although reports of ergotism in livestock vary from year-to-year in the United States according to rainfall and temperature, this mycotoxicosis occurs in the grainproducing areas of the Northern plains in most years. Three syndromes have been described in animals: nervous ergotism, gangrenous ergotism, and agalactia. www.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/23185534/Ergot-and-Its-AlkaloidsWe need to identify the enemy and who created this, they knew all about Shamanism and Magic and Natural sources.
But, they clearly understood BOTANY! The Witches are back folks!!!!!!!!!!!!!! And the Witch Hunters, who call themselves the Chosen ones. It is very deceiving is it not?Thanks AQT, opens a BIG CAN OF RYE, WHEAT, CEREAl, OATS Quietly attacking the staples! There is more to this story! What a find. thank you. skyship
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 19:57:23 GMT -5
One microbiologist at the University of California at Los Angeles recounted that the fungus was first brought to the attention of Fort Detrick researchers by British scientists experimenting with the bark of eucalyptus trees from Australia. Army biological warfare reports obtained through the Freedom of Information Act reveal that beginning around 1952 the Army mounted a huge research program involving numerous plant and fungi products, and that well over 300 long-term contracts and sub-contracts were let with over 35 US colleges and universities to carry out this multifaceted research. Examples of this early research in California included experiments and projects at Camp Cooke; Port Huemene; Harpers Lake; Oceanside, and extensive experimentation with wheat stem rust and "various spores" including "several from tropical locations" and cereal rust spores and dyed Lycopodium spores.s======================= lycopodium spores. and T2 nano from the apical cone??
=============Our reports are just as important, folks, please believe it!======================== LycopodiumWe will concentrate on the most complex species (Lycopodium cernuum (wawae iole - rat's foot) which is found in Hawaii. .........."External MorphologyWhat is an Adventitious root? What is a Stolon? What type(s) of branching is displayed by this plant? Can the term Pseudomonopopdial be applied to this species? Locate the Sporophylls. What is noteworthy about these? Is this plant Isophyllous or Anisophyllous?""......... ================= check out the photos!notice the hyphae== www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/Bot201/Lycopodium/LycopodiumLab.htm================== skyship
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 20:35:57 GMT -5
Melanin and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans AbstractMelanin synthesis has been associated with virulence for the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Recent evidence indicates that C. neoformans cells synthesize melanin during infection and that this pigment protects the fungus against immune defense mechanisms.Author Keywords: Melanin; Pigment; Cryptococcus neoformans; Fungi; Virulence; Pathogenesis; Pathogenicity; Infection; Catecholaminetinyurl.com/24n99xy================= Cryptococcus neoformans and Neurospora Crassa (CryNeo is divergent from NeuroCr)
====================== Deciphering the Model Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus NeoformansAbstract Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycete fungal pathogen of humans that has diverged considerably from other model fungi such as Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the common human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The recent completion of the genome sequences of two related C. neoformans strains and the ongoing genome sequencing of three other divergent Cryptococcus strains with different virulence phenotypes and environmental distributions should improve our understanding of this important pathogen. We discuss the biology of C. neoformans in light of this genomic data, with a special emphasis on the role that evolution and sexual reproduction have in the complex relationships of the fungus with the environment and the host. www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v3/n10/abs/nrmicro1245.htmlGMO, CHEMTRAILS and WATER, folks.
All part of the Biogenesis plan.
skyship
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 20:47:19 GMT -5
CatecholamineCatecholamines are sympathomimetic[1] "fight-or-flight" hormones that are released by the adrenal glands in response to stress.[2] They are part of the sympathetic nervous system.
They are called catecholamines because they contain a catechol group, and are derived from the amino acid tyrosine.....:The most abundant catecholamines are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine, all of which are produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine. Many catecholamines serve as structural motifs for various stimulants. For example, MDMA (Ecstasy) can be thought of as a reduced product of a double condensation of dopamine with formaldehyde. Catecholamines are water-soluble and are 50% bound to plasma proteins, so they circulate in the bloodstream.Tyrosine is created from phenylalanine by hydroxylation by the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. (Tyrosine is also ingested directly from dietary protein). It is then sent to catecholamine-secreting neurons. Here, many kinds of reactions convert it to L-DOPA, to dopamine, to norepinephrine, and eventually to epinephrine."........... StructureCatecholamines have the distinct structure of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups, an intermediate ethyl chain, and a terminal amine group.Function in plants "They have been found in 44 plant families, but no essential metabolic function has been established for them. They are precursors of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, which are the active principal ingredients of many medicinal plant extracts. CAs have been implicated to have a possible protective role against insect predators, injuries, and nitrogen detoxification. T hey have been shown to promote plant tissue growth, somatic embryogenesis from in vitro cultures, and flowering. CAs inhibit indole-3-acetic acid oxidation and enhance ethylene biosynthesis. They have also been shown to enhance synergistically various effects of gibberellins."[8]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catecholamine====================== L-DOPASystematic (IUPAC) name (S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid Identifiers CAS number 59-92-7 ATC code N04BA01 PubChem 6047 DrugBank APRD00309 ChemSpider 5824 Chemical data Formula C9H11NO4 Mol. mass 197.19 g/mol Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability 30% Metabolism Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseHalf life 0.75–1.5 hoursExcretion renal 70–80% Therapeutic considerations Pregnancy cat. B3(AU) C(US) Legal status OTC Routes oral L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; Levodopa; Sinemet, Parcopa, Atamet, Stalevo, Madopar, Prolopa, etc.) is a naturally-occurring dietary supplement and psychoactive drug found in certain kinds of food and herbs (e.g., Mucuna pruriens, or velvet bean), and is synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tyrosine (TYR) in the mammalian body and brain. L-DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline) collectively known as catecholamines. Aside from its natural and essential biological role, L-DOPA is also used in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD).en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-DOPA============= All part of the transformation scheme, a new consciousness, ZOMBIE from fungus!
================= skyship
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 21:11:33 GMT -5
CAs inhibit indole-3-acetic acid oxidation and enhance ethylene biosynthesis. They have also been shown to enhance synergistically various effects of gibberellins."[8]==================== ethylene biosynthesisarjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.pp.44.060193.001435======== American Society of Plant Biologists Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling Networks One particularly useful approach using the whole genome-based DNA chip technology will be obviously an effective means to examine the regulation of expression of ethylene and other hormone/stress signaling genes. The interaction of ethylene with SA and JA signaling pathways in biotic and abiotic stresses demonstrates the complex nature of the plant's decisions and the different outcomes. The challenge will be the characterization of what makes either positive or negative interaction under different conditions for the ethylene and other signaling pathways, especially JA and SA, in pathogen infection and environmental stresses.www.plantcell.org/cgi/content/full/14/suppl_1/S131============== Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase=========== The starting substrate for the formation of catecholamines is tyrosine and for serotonin is tryptophan.Specific tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent amino acid hydroxylases convert tyrosine to levodopa and tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Levodopa and 5-HTP then undergo decarboxylation through the action of the pyridoxine-dependent aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), which leads to the formation of dopamine and serotonin.Within noradrenergic neurons dopamine is converted to norepinephrine using dopamine -hydroxylase and within the pineal gland, serotonin is methylated to melatonin (figure).www.bh4.org/pdf/pons.pdfskyship
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 22:30:55 GMT -5
The development-specific protein (Ssp1) from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is encoded by a novel gene expressed exclusively in sclerotium tissueswww.mycologia.org/cgi/content/abstract/101/1/34==================== The Proteome of Liquid Sclerotial Exudates from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
The sclerotium plays important roles in the disease and fungal life cycles. The exudation of liquid droplets is a common feature during sclerotial development, but little is known regarding the nature of these exudates. A proteome-level study was performed in order to gain a better understanding of the types of proteins present in the exudates. pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/pr900942w Coacervates???================= Lets look at coacervates and cyptococcus neoformans===== Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can live in both plants and animals. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes.Classification Cryptococcus neoformans is composed of two varieties (v.): C. neoformans v. neoformans and v. grubii. A third variety, C. neoformans v. gattii, is now considered a distinct species, [/b]Cryptococcus gattii. C. neoformans v. grubii and v. neoformans have a worldwide distribution and are often found in soil which has been contaminated by bird excrement. The genome sequence of C. neoformans v. neoformans was published in 2005.[1] Recent studies suggest that colonies of Cryptococcus neoformans and related fungi growing on the ruins of the melted down reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant may be able to utilize the energy of radiation (primary beta radiation) for "radiotrophic" growth.[2]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptococcus_neoformans
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Does the radiation form the apical core? for it's growth?
"radiotrophic" growth?
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neurotrophin and radiotrophic?
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Radiotrophic Fungi
Posted by: admin in Actinobiology, Dermatology, Medical, Mycology, Radiology
In early 2002, Russian scientists sent a robot into the depths of the Chernobyl ground-zero. Their goal was to view and analyze the decay caused by such a prolonged exposure to the radiation. When the robot brought back samples of a black, slimy fungi.This fungus was discovered to actually be several types of fungi, all rich with melanin. The scientists did not expect to see any living thing with those walls and realized just how little they understood Chernobyl… Were these fungi actually appropriating the energy from the radiation?
Researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine began experimenting with various melanin-rich fungi and radiation. Researcher Arturo Casadevall commented that he found the story of the Chernobyl fungi “…very interesting and began discussing with colleagues whether these fungi might be using the radiation emissions as an energy source.”
And soon enough, they discovered that when melanin-rich fungi (such as Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Wangiella dermatitidis, and Cryptococcus neoformans) grew significantly faster when exposed to levels of ionizing radiation approximately 500 times higher than background levels. Their conclusions?
Exposure of melanin to ionizing radiation, and possibly other forms of electromagnetic radiation, changes its electronic properties. Melanized fungal cells manifested increased growth relative to non-melanized cells after exposure to ionizing radiation, raising intriguing questions about a potential role for melanin in energy capture and utilization.
For those who don’t understand the implications, the above states that the melanin in the fungi converts the radiation to chemical energy. Very much in the same way that plants go through photosynthesis! In a quote from researcher Ekaterina Dadachova:
Just as the pigment chlorophyll converts sunlight into chemical energy that allows green plants to live and grow, our research suggests that melanin can use a different portion of the electromagnetic spectrum – ionizing radiation – to benefit the fungi containing it
This raises questions such as, “we have melanin in our skin, can we take advantage of radiation?” and even, “Does our melanin already gain energy from radiation?” With many scientists speculating that the answer to the second question is yes!
What does this information have in store for our future? Ekaterina Dadachova has a few ideas…
Since ionizing radiation is prevalent in outer space, astronauts might be able to rely on fungi as an inexhaustible food source on long missions or for colonizing other planets.
You heard it here, the astronauts of the future will have a diet consisting mainly of stuff like this:
This entry was posted on Saturday, August 29th, 2009 at 9:31 pm and is filed under Actinobiology, Dermatology, Medical, Mycology, Radiology
professorelliot.com/wordpress/radiotrophic-fungi/
skyship
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 22:55:11 GMT -5
The RGS protein Crg2 regulates both pheromone and cAMP signalling in Cryptococcus neoformans ABSTRACT G proteins orchestrate critical cellular functions by transducing extracellular signals into internal signals and controlling cellular responses to environmental cues. G proteins typically function as switches that are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and negatively controlled by regulator of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins. In the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, three G protein α subunits (Gpa1, Gpa2 and Gpa3) have been identified. In a previous study, we identified the RGS protein Crg2 involved in regulating the pheromone response pathway through Gpa2 and Gpa3. In this study, a role for Crg2 was established in the Gpa1-cAMP signalling pathway that governs mating and virulence. We show that Crg2 physically interacts with Gpa1 and crg2 mutations increase cAMP production. crg2 mutations also enhance mating filament hyphae production, but reduce cell–cell fusion and sporulation efficiency during mating. Although crg2 mutations and the Gpa1 dominant active allele GPA1Q284L enhanced melanin production under normally repressive conditions, virulence was attenuated in a murine model. We conclude that Crg2 participates in controlling both Gpa1-cAMP-virulence and pheromone-mating signalling cascades and hypothesize it may serve as a molecular interface between these two central signalling conduits. www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121388690/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0skyship
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Post by skyship on May 7, 2010 23:47:24 GMT -5
Melanin and Crp Neo (gatti and the rest) melanin from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, Back to the Melanin Mess: ============== In memory of the mathematician Donato Greco (1923-1995) It is not the only objective of organic chemistryto elucidate the structure of organic natural products but also to develop the nanochemistry of Nature. The black particles constitute an universal component of great interest for the planet evolution and living system. Key words: melanins, conducting polymers, charge transfer complexes, fullerene, graphite, cosmids. == "Introduction Black materials are present in the Biosphere (eumelanin, phaeomelanin, allomelanin), in the Lithosphere (minerals, graphite, fullerenes), in the Atmosphere (primary and secondary pollutants, smokes), in the Hydrosphere (seas, lakes, rivers) and in the Cosmos (fullerenes, cosmids) (1, 2).All black materials belong to the solid state, following its laws.The intra or extracellular black materials of the biosphere are called melanins, which are classified in to three groups, the Eumelanins (produced by the polymerization of a nitrogenous melanogen), the pheomelanins (obtained from the polymerization of a sulphurated melanogen), the allomelanins (generated by the polymerization of polyphenols).Hybrids of the abovementioned groups can be easily formed through copolymerization or by the presence of foreign material.The polymerization of melanogens is of radical type. Attempts to isolate intermediates of relevant interest for the particles structure (melanins) have failed completely. The black pigments are solid materials with band structure having a gap less than 2eV.They are formed from melanogens which are organized in to natural structures called melanosomes, having the soccer or rugby ball shape of fullerenes.The colours of melanins are those of a pure semiconductor." NOW DO YOU BELIEVE ME THE BUCKYBALLS ARE from MELANOGENS>>>melanin? There are real natural ones, formed from real melanin, then there are the created ones from BUCKYBALLS............fullerenes............. ============ All black pigments, melanin included, show a remarkable affinity for metals (presence of -COOH) as well as for organic electron donors.The biological properties of the melanin/chloropromazine and melanin/quinine complexes have been well investigated.On the contrary, the ability of melanins to form charge transfer complexes has been poorly treated and limited data are available on their conductivity.Melanins after decarboxylation, or those arising from neutral melanogens, are able to bind acids and metalloids.In other words, there are melanins bound to counteranions (like pyrrole-black) as well as to countercations.The conductivity of those materials is poorly understood.The oxidative cleavage of eumelanins yields nitrogenous polycarboxylic acids (like 2, 3, 4, 5, -pyrroletetracarboxylic acid), that of allomelanins graphitic acids (like mellitic acid), that of pheomelanins has not yet been sufficiently investigated. The presence of a graphitic core in melanins has been confirmed by X-ray analysis.A fullerene cage structure is proposed for black materials.A new approach to eumelanin research starts from an intact biological entity : the melanosome. In this way, physics and chemistry are referred to melanosomes for the first time. =================== "Biology Melanins are amorphous natural semiconductors with fullerene-cage like structure.Electroactivity may also be shown in those materials like charge transfer complexes.What is the role played by melanins in nature ? Black materials are present in all the universe and are of great interest for the evolution of our planet and living systems. The black particles of the brain and black particles of the stellar spaces are similar..." www.tightrope.it/nicolaus/06.htm============ Melanin may be degraded in mild conditions by H2O2 ( in vitro and in vivo ), or photooxidatively by ultra violet light. Typical the fragmentation which occurs in the MALDI experiments. It is interesting that the colour changes (black, reddish, gold yellow ) during the H2O2 oxidation corresponds to those of some inorganic sulphides (8 ). The colour depends on the gap amplitude of the semiconductor model www.tightrope.it/nicolaus/bcm%20stories.htm================== skyship spitzenkorpor and deinococcus radiolarens?
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Post by skyship on May 8, 2010 0:01:05 GMT -5
Functional cloning and characterization of a UDP- glucuronic acid decarboxylase: The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elucidates UDP-xylose synthesis UDP-xylose is a sugar donor required for the synthesis of diverse and important glycan structures in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Xylose-containing glycans are particularly abundant in plants and in the polysaccharide capsule that is the major virulence factor of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose is mediated by UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase, which converts UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Although this enzymatic activity was described over 40 years ago it has never been fully purified, and the gene encoding it has not been identified. We used homology to a bacterial gene, hypothesized to encode a related function, to identify a cryptococcal sequence as putatively encoding a UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase. A soluble 47-kDa protein derived from bacteria expressing the C. neoformans gene catalyzed conversion of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose, as confirmed by NMR analysis. NADH, UDP, and UDP-xylose inhibit the activity. Close homologs of the cryptococcal gene, which we termed UXS1, appear in genome sequence data from organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. tinyurl.com/2ayklvrskyship
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Post by skyship on May 8, 2010 0:59:04 GMT -5
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Post by skyship on May 8, 2010 2:52:41 GMT -5
Cas3p Belongs to a Seven-Member Family of Capsule Structure Designer ProteinsThe polysaccharide capsule is the main virulence factor of the basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Four genes (CAP10, CAP59, CAP60, and CAP64) essential for capsule formation have been previously identified, although their roles in the biosynthetic pathway remain unclear. A genetic and bioinformatics approach allowed the identification of six CAP64-homologous genes, named CAS3, CAS31, CAS32, CAS33, CAS34, and CAS35, in the C. neoformans genome. This gene family is apparently specific in a subclass of the basidiomycete fungi. Single as well as double deletions of these genes in all possible combinations demonstrated that none of the CAP64-homologous genes were essential for capsule formation, although the cas35{Delta} strains displayed a hypocapsular phenotype. The chemical structure of the glucuronomannan (GXM) produced by the CAS family deletants revealed that these genes determined the position and the linkage of the xylose and/or O-acetyl residues on the mannose backbone. Hence, these genes are all involved in assembly of the GXM structure in C. neoformans.ec.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/3/6/1513?ijkey=0e58518d1634dcc2ec39068f306efe639fb311f5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha==================== CAP10, CAP59, CAP60, and CAP64capsule formation:www.biologie.uni-duesseldorf.de/Institute/Molekulare_Mykologie/Arbeitsgruppen/Lengeler================ spitzenkorper and capsule formation of c. neoformansor is neurospora crassa?============ the tip the capsule the apicle cone..... here called STE 20 www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/15/10/4476/FIG6==================== the molecular biological cell:============= HEre they are Mating, how could they, dirty devils!www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/15/10/4476/FIG7------------ I feel like I am going in circles, but the same things keep coming up.---------------- space group p21 just gets to me,,,,,,,,,is mention with the melanin, and the mannose, and L-dopa, and the capsule which looks like the center of the c gatti as well, so the babies are being made inside of us, the capsules, from the mating going on with the fungal spores, or pelliculas or buds.============== www.molbiolcell.org/cgi/content/full/15/10/4476/FIG9-==================== I wonder if STE 20 is the spitzenkorper, mentioned by Gilbert in early 1900, however, is being used as designer proteins.=============== Microscopists have defined, with increasing detail, the subcellular organization of the hyphal tip. This l ed to the description of the Spitzenkörper, an apical cluster of vesicles, cytoskeletal elements, and other proteins, which plays a crucial role in hyphal extension (4). Geneticists have identified gene products required for hyphal morphogenesis by characterizing morphological mutants (51, 52). Initial studies in the laboratories of Beadle, Tatum, and colleagues attempted to link morphogenesis to specific biochemical pathways. More recent screens have identified a multitude of signaling and cytoskeletal functions required for hyphal extension (62, 72). ." The pioneering work of Girbardt (23) laid the foundation of research on the biology of the Spitzenkörper (= apical body). Using phase-contrast light microscopy, Girbardt provided the first description of the Spitzenkörper as a phase-dark structure located in tips of growing hyphae of higher fungi. His meticulous observations of living hyphae demonstrated that the Spitzenkörper (i) is present only in growing vegetative hyphal tips, (ii) forms at sites of spore germination and branch formation, and (iii) is located at a position within the hyphal tip that correlates with the direction of hyphal growth. Girbardt was thus the first to show the intimate association that exists between Spitzenkörper behavior and hyphal morphogenesis."photo:ec.asm.org/content/vol4/issue2/images/large/zek0020524040001.jpeg=== I hate to say this, but it seems these can replace our microtubules, seems fungus and humans are closer than any other type eukaryotes and this is an in for them, the c gatti is a scare tactic to cover up what they are really doing. Beadle and Tatum Kornberg and others, the fungus becomes us, it seems. It becomes our new cytockeleton part of histone changes, the new molecular cell becomes the new human cell.
Seems the artificial cell is the capsule, the spitzenkorpers control point.
It has always been the actin, actinin, myotubles, microtubules, the forms that Carnicom has shown. And the sub micron particle, the capsule , the STE 20 the spitzenkorper.skyship
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Post by aqt on May 8, 2010 16:41:18 GMT -5
wow...look at you go!!
Incredible work once again!!
aqt
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Post by skyship on May 8, 2010 20:19:32 GMT -5
It is so hard to narrow this down, but the fungus is one for sure. will go to Beadle and Tatum again, and Kornberg. Nirenberg came up with the uracil, but, the spits has been around for a while.
Lets start with Nirenberg. "ResearchBy 1959, experiments and analysis such as the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment, the Hershey-Chase experiment, the Watson-Crick structure and the Meselson-Stahl experiment had s hown DNA to be the molecule of genetic information. It was not known, however, how DNA directed the expression of proteins, or what role RNA had in these processes. Nirenberg teamed up with Heinrich J. Matthaei at the National Institutes of Health to answer these questions.......
" They produced RNA comprised solely of uracil, a nucleotide that only occurs in RNA. They then added this synthetic poly-uracil RNA into a cell-free extract of Escherichia coli which contained the DNA, RNA, ribosomes and other cellular machinery for protein synthesis. They added DNase, which breaks apart the DNA, so that no additional proteins would be produced other than that from their synthetic RNA. They then added 1 radioactively labeled amino acid, the building blocks of proteins, and 19 unlabeled amino acids to the extract, varying the labeled amino acid in each sample. In the extract containing the radioactively labeled phenylalanine, the resulting protein was also radioactive. They realized that they had found the genetic code for phenylalanine: UUU (three uracil bases in a row) on RNA. This was the first step in deciphering the codons of the genetic code and the first demonstration of messenger RNA (see Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment). ...."Within a few years, his research team had performed similar experiments and found that three-base repeats of adenosine (AAA) produced the amino acid lysine, and cytosine repeats (CCC) produced proline. The next breakthrough came when Philip Leder, a postdoctoral researcher in Nirenberg's lab, developed a method for determining the genetic code on pieces of tRNA (see Nirenberg and Leder experiment). This greatly sped up the assignment of three-base codons to amino acids so that 50 codons were identified in this way. Khorana's experiments confirmed these results and completed the genetic code translation. The period between 1961 and 1962 is often referred to as the “coding race” because of the competition between the labs of Nirenberg at NIH and Nobel laureate Severo Ochoa at New York University Medical School, who had a massive staff. Faced with the possibility of helping the first NIH scientist win a Nobel prize, many NIH scientists put aside their own work to help Nirenberg in deciphering the mRNA codons for amino acids. Dr. DeWitt Stetten, Jr., director of the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, called this period of collaboration “NIH's finest hour.”[10] Nirenberg's later research focused on neuroscience, neural development, and the homeobox genes."............."He began his postdoctoral work at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1957 as a fellow of the American Cancer Society in what was then called the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. In 1959 he became a research biochemist at the NIH and began to study the steps that relate DNA, RNA and protein. Nirenberg's groundbreaking experiments advanced him to become the head of the Section of Biochemical Genetics in 1962 in the National Heart Institute (now the National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Diseases), where he remained a laboratory chief until his death.".......... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg===================== There is a lot here........... not just the dna codes, biochemistry, radiative materials, RNA, DNA and Protein synthesis. = They added DNase, which breaks apart the DNA, so that no additional proteins would be produced other than that from their synthetic RNA.In the extract containing the radioactively labeled phenylalanine, the resulting protein was also radioactive. [/b]They realized that they had found the genetic code for phenylalanine: UUU (three uracil bases in a row) on RNA.first step in deciphering the codons of the genetic code and the first demonstration of messenger RNA (see Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment).found that three-base repeats of adenosine (AAA) produced the amino acid lysine, and c[b]ytosine repeats (CCC) produced proline[/b] ================== DNase
radioactively labeled phenylalanine,
resulting protein was also radioactive ( the synthetic one)
genetic code for phenylalanine: UUU (three uracil bases in a row) on RNA.
Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment
three-base repeats of adenosine (AAA) produced the amino acid lysine
cytosine repeats (CCC) produced proline
=================================== DNase:Crystals of DNase protein created for X-ray crystallography, which can reveal detailed, three-dimensional protein structures. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNase1.jpg******** A deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone. Deoxyribonucleases are thus one type of nuclease. A wide variety of deoxyribonucleases are known, which differ in their substrate specificities, chemical mechanisms, and biological functions. The two main types of DNase found in metazoans are known as deoxyribonuclease I and deoxyribonuclease II.Other types of DNase include Micrococcal nuclease.Micrococcal Nuclease (S7 Nuclease or MNase) is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids.The rate of cleavage is 30 times greater at the 5' side of A or T than at G or C and results in the production of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides with terminal 3'-phosphates. The enzyme is also active against double-stranded DNA and RNA and all sequences will be ultimately cleaved. SourceThis enzyme is the extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. Two strains, V8 and Foggi, yield almost identical enzymes.[2] A common source is E.coli cells carrying a cloned nuc gene encoding Staphylococcus aureus extracellular nuclease (micrococcal nuclease). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrococcal_nuclease================== cloned nuc? V8 and Foggi ======= extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus was MNase used in humans? or just in their labs? =============== They added DNase, which breaks apart the DNA, so that no additional proteins would be produced other than that from their synthetic RNA.
Synthetic RNA? Is this where the first radio nucleolus was used?
Wonder if it is the spitzenkorper or Okazaki fragments?
tally ho!
skyship
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Post by skyship on May 28, 2010 2:26:57 GMT -5
c gatti spitzenkorper ( recent reports say moshe bar-joseph or joseph moshe? worked on c. gatti, or c. neorformans, but one report said one of them worked on the Morgellon pathogen.
I do not know if this is a true story, but, the university Ness Ziona in Israel housed one of them and they were working on c. gatti as was Ft Detrick.
skyship
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Post by skyship on May 28, 2010 2:30:41 GMT -5
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Post by skyship on May 28, 2010 3:03:14 GMT -5
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Post by lilsissy on May 28, 2010 9:45:11 GMT -5
This would make sense with all the miscarriages we are seeing and possibly the blood group changes too.
Jen
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