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Post by skyship on Apr 30, 2009 13:38:19 GMT -5
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Post by skyship on Apr 30, 2009 13:54:12 GMT -5
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Post by skyship on Apr 30, 2009 14:20:05 GMT -5
Von Neumann? Go Forth and Replicate; Your Future with Robots; Special Editions; by Moshe Sipper and James A. Reggia; 10 Page(s) "Apples beget apples, but can machines beget machines? Today it takes an elaborate manufacturing apparatus to build even a simple machine. Could we endow an artificial device with the ability to multiply on its own? Self-replication has long been considered one of the fundamental properties separating the living from the nonliving. Historically our limited understanding of how biological reproduction works has given it an aura of mystery and made it seem unlikely that it would ever be done by a man-made object. It is reported that when René Descartes averred to Queen Christina of Sweden that animals were just another form of mechanical automata, Her Majesty pointed to a clock and said, See to it that it produces off_spring. "The problem of machine self-replication moved from philosophy into the realm of science and engineering in the late 1940s with the work of eminent mathematician and physicist John von Neumann. Some researchers have actually constructed physical replicators. Almost 50 years ago, for example, geneticist Lionel Penrose and his son, Roger (the famous physicist), built small assemblies of plywood that exhibited a simple form of self-replication. But self-replication has proved to be so difficult that most researchers study it with the conceptual tool that von Neumann developed: two-dimensional cellular automata. tinyurl.com/d46dncwww.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=3F21A786-3048-8A5E-1013490998CDD113 so where did scientists go after Von Neumann?
after two-dimensional cellular automata, they did go to three-dimensional. Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata (1985)....... Acknowledgments The research reported here made essential use of several computer systems other than our own. We are grateful to those who made the systems available, and helped us in using them. We thank the M.I.T. Information Mechanics Group (E. Fredkin, N. Margolus, T. Toffoli, and G. Vichniac) for the use of their special-purpose two-dimensional cellular automaton simulation system, and for their hospitality and assistance. We thank R. Shaw for writing the kernel of our software simulation system for two-dimensional cellular automata in Ridge assembly language. We thank the Theoretical Division and the Center for Nonlinear Studies at Los Alamos National Laboratory for hospitality during the final stages of this work. We thank M. Prueitt at Los Alamos for making the three-dimensional illustrations, and D. Umberger for help with some Cray-1 programming. We are grateful to those mentioned and to C. Bennett, J. Crutchfield, H. Hartman, L. Hurd, J. Milnor, S. Willson, and others for discussions. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-80-C-0657. and look what labs involvedTwo-Dimensional Cellular Automata (1985)5. Discussion This paper has presented an exploratory study of two-dimensional cellular automata. Much remains to be done, but a few conclusions can already be given. A first approach to the study of cellular automaton behavior is statistical: one considers the average properties of evolution from typical initial configurations. Statistical studies of one-dimensional cellular automata have suggested that four basic qualitative classes of behavior can be identified. This paper has given analogs of these classes in two-dimensional cellular automata. One expects that the qualitative classification will also apply in three- and higher-dimensional systems. Entropies and Lyapunov exponents are statistical quantities that measure the information content and rate of information transmission in cellular automata. Their definitions for one-dimensional cellular automata are closest to those used in smooth dynamical systems. But rather direct generalizations can nevertheless be found for two- and higher-dimensional cellular automata. www.stephenwolfram.com/publications/articles/ca/85-two/6/text.htmlso what do they mean by cellular automata?
this gets real deep, but does cover molecular machines. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_automataWe cannot forget Feynman:Self-Assembled DNA Nanostructures Protein Nanomachines tinyurl.com/db2wycbiology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0020073&ct=1 skyship
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Post by skyship on Apr 30, 2009 14:26:31 GMT -5
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Post by skyship on Apr 30, 2009 15:02:32 GMT -5
or could use as manipulation in the population? Neural nanomachines Research to be led by Rudy Diaz will focus on assembling nanomachines designed to deliver electrical signals to neurons on command. Applications of the technology would include bio-sensing and delivery devices that could be used to detect and treat a variety of human neurological disorders. Diaz, an associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and the Center for Nanophotonics in ASU’s Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, will work professors Thomas Moore and Hao Yan in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Yan also works in the Center for Single Molecule Biophysics in the Biodesign Institute at ASU. The team’s goal is to gain new insights into the pathological obstruction of neural signals and the development of new and more precise neural-stimulation technology. With existing technology, viewing the “microscopic dynamics’ of what is occurring in the human body at a cellular level “is like observing human activity on Earth from an orbiting satellite,” Diaz explained. www.biodesign.asu.edu/news/1707skyship
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Post by aqt on Apr 30, 2009 19:02:06 GMT -5
sky
can't wait to delve into this one over the weekend!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
step by tiny step my friend
I do believe our dilignece will pay off
I have faith ;D ;D ;D ;D
we are loved, believe me sister!!!!!
aqt
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