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Post by kammy on May 27, 2011 11:54:10 GMT -5
Let's see what they are looking at?: The Origin of Life on Earth sbpoley.home.xs4all.nl/abiog/virginiaorigin.htm"4. Once polymers were formed the next step in creating life on Earth would have been the formation of molecular aggregates and primitive "cells". The term cells is used very loosely here. When polypeptides or polynucleotides are combined in solution they form one of two types of complex units: one that Oparin called coacervate droplets and the other that Stanley Fox called proteinoid microspheres. Proteinoid microspheres are much more stable than coacervate droplets and have the following characteristics: swell in a high salt solution, shrink in a low salt solution, have a double-layered outer boundary which is very similar to a cell membrane, show internal movement similar to cytoplasmic streaming "grow" in size and complexity, "bud" in a manner superficially similar to yeast cell reproduction, have electrical potential differences across the outer boundary which is necessary for cell membranes to generate ATP, and aggregate into clusters. In either case (coacervate droplets or proteinoid microspheres) these "prebionts" are structurally complex and sharply separated from their environment creating a situation in which chemical reactions can take place inside the prebionts that would not happen in the surrounding medium. There is a third hypothesis about formation of prebionts called the naked gene hypothesis. The basis for this hypothesis is the observation that self-replicating macromolecules (nucleotides) can accumulate a shell of other substances in a manner analogous to a modern day virus. Modern day viruses contain either DNA or RNA and are surrounded by a protein shell. BUT, modern day viruses are parasites that require living cells to reproduce and so are thought to be recent evolutionary products. Evidence for the naked gene hypothesis comes from discovery of prions, which are naked pieces of DNA that have been associated with cancer. The difference between the naked gene hypothesis and the coacervate droplet or proteinoid microsphere hypotheses is that the later two prebionts showed primitive reproduction first followed by development of a genetic control system while the naked gene prebiont evolved a genetic control system first followed by cytoplasm and a membrane. Regardless of which hypothesis is correct, CELLS HAPPEN HERE!!!! As the number of cells increased even further, the demand for abiotically formed organic materials would have out striped the rate at which they could be formed leading to a major crisis in the evolution of life on Earth - the first famine. 5. By the time the first famine occurred, cells had evolved very complex biochemical pathways. The lack of available energy sources to these early organisms would have created selective pressure for evolution of an alternative to small organic molecules as a way to obtain energy. That alternative was to capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP. This process is what we know as photosynthesis, but not the type of photosynthesis that green plants carry out. The first photosynthetic organisms were bacteria that used H2S instead of H2O as a source of reducing power or H+. As a result, the end products of bacterial photosynthesis were organic matter and sulfide, not O2 like green plants produce. However, because the supply of H2S on early Earth would have also been limited, selective pressure would have existed for the evolution of an alternative to H2S. That alternative was H2O, which was very abundant and serves as an excellent source of H+ for photosynthesis. The first organisms to make the leap from using H2S to H2O were the blue-green bacteria or the Cyanobacteria (you will often hear these organisms referred to incorrectly as the blue-green algae)."
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Post by kammy on May 27, 2011 12:16:55 GMT -5
H2S - Hydrogen sulfide en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide"Toxicity Hydrogen sulfide is considered a broad-spectrum poison, meaning that it can poison several different systems in the body, although the nervous system is most affected. The toxicity of H2S is comparable with that of hydrogen cyanide. It forms a complex bond with iron in the mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes, thus preventing cellular respiration. Since hydrogen sulfide occurs naturally in the body, the environment and the gut, enzymes exist in the body capable of detoxifying it by oxidation to (harmless) sulfate.[8] Hence, low levels of hydrogen sulfide may be tolerated indefinitely. At some threshold level, believed to average around 300–350 ppm, the oxidative enzymes become overwhelmed. Many personal safety gas detectors, such as those used by utility, sewage and petrochemical workers, are set to alarm at as low as 5 to 10 ppm and to go into high alarm at 15 ppm. An interesting diagnostic clue of extreme poisoning by H2S is the discoloration of copper coins in the pockets of the victim. Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite, inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). HBO therapy has anecdotal support and remains controversial. Mass extinctions Hydrogen sulfide has been implicated in some of the several mass extinctions that have occurred in the Earth's past. In particular, a buildup of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere may have caused the Permian-Triassic extinction event 252 million years ago.[37] Organic residues from these extinction boundaries indicate that the oceans were anoxic (oxygen-depleted) and had species of shallow plankton that metabolized H2S. The formation of H2S may have been initiated by massive volcanic eruptions, which emitted CO2 and methane into the atmosphere, which warmed the oceans, lowering their capacity to absorb oxygen that would otherwise oxidize H2S. The increased levels of hydrogen sulfide could have killed oxygen-generating plants as well as depleted the ozone layer, causing further stress. Small H2S blooms have been detected in modern times in the Dead Sea and in the Atlantic ocean off the coast of Namibia." ** We need to do a test with copper pennies?
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Post by kammy on May 27, 2011 12:38:52 GMT -5
"Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite..." Sodium nitrite en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_nitrite"Sodium nitrite also has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a vasodilator, a bronchodilator, and an antidote for cyanide poisoning. In normal human diet Nitrites are a normal part of human diet, found in most vegetables.[1][2][3] Spinach and lettuce can have as high as 2500 mg/kg nitrate, curly kale (302.0 mg/kg) and green cauliflower (61.0 mg/kg), to a low of 13 mg/kg for asparagus. Nitrite levels in 34 vegetable samples, including different varieties of cabbage, lettuce, spinach, parsley and turnips ranged between 1.1 and 57 mg/kg, e.g. white cauliflower (3.49 mg/kg) and green cauliflower (1.47 mg/kg).[4][5] Boiling vegetables lowers nitrate but not nitrite. Food additive As a food additive, it serves a dual purpose in the food industry since it both alters the color of preserved fish and meats and also prevents growth of Clostridium botulinum, the bacterium which causes botulism. While this chemical will prevent the growth of bacteria, it can be toxic in high amounts for animals, including humans. Recently, sodium nitrite has been found to be an effective means to increase blood flow by dilating blood vessels, acting as a vasodilator. Research is ongoing to investigate its applicability towards treatments for sickle cell anemia, cyanide poisoning, heart attacks, brain aneurysms, and pulmonary hypertension in infants. An intravenous mixture including sodium nitrite solution has been used as an emergency treatment for cyanide poisoning (see Cyanide#Antidote). Synthetic reagent Sodium nitrite is used to convert amines into diazo compounds. The synthetic utility of such a reaction is to render the amino group labile for nucleophilic substitution, as the N2 group is a better leaving group. In the laboratory, sodium nitrite is also used to destroy excess sodium azide. Health concerns In the 1920s, a significant change in US meat curing practices resulted in a 69% decrease in average nitrite content. This event preceded the beginning of a dramatic decline in gastric cancer mortality.[14] About 1970, it was found that ascorbic acid (vitamin C), an antioxidant, inhibits nitrosamine formation. Manufacturers sometimes instead use erythorbic acid, a cheaper but equally effective isomer of ascorbic acid. Additionally, manufacturers may include alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) to further inhibit nitrosamine production. Alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and erythorbic acid all inhibit nitrosamine production by their oxidation-reduction properties. Ascorbic acid, for example, forms dehydroascorbic acid when oxidized, which when in the presence of nitrous anhydride, a potent nitrosating agent formed from sodium nitrate, reduces the nitrous anhydride into the nitric oxide gas. A recent study has found a correlation between highly frequent ingestion of meats cured with pink salt and the COPD form of lung disease. The study's researchers suggest that the high amount of nitrites in the meats was responsible; however, the team did not prove the nitrite theory. Additionally, the study does not prove that nitrites or cured meat caused higher rates of COPD, merely a link. Mechanism of action Carcinogenic nitrosamines are formed when amines that occur naturally in food react with sodium nitrite found in cured meat products. If this nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs at a crucial site in a biomolecule, it can disrupt normal cell functioning leading to cancer or cell death." Reference 9: ^ Associated Press (9/5/2005). "Hot dog preservative could be disease cure". USA Today. Hot dog preservative could be disease cure www.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-09-05-hot-dog-drug_x.htm"Could the salt that preserves hot dogs also preserve your health? Scientists at the National Institutes of Health think so. They've begun infusing sodium nitrite into volunteers in hopes that it could prove a cheap but potent treatment for sickle cell anemia, heart attacks, brain aneurysms, even an illness that suffocates babies."
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Post by kammy on May 27, 2011 13:05:49 GMT -5
I'm getting a little off track, but I went to look at the 'naked gene hypothesis' which lead me to this in a hurry: I see these carbon 'steps' laying around in a later phase that the future sphere produces, this is blood: Let me find a better photo that is more square 'steps', this is tap water: and, in my search - I see where these Magnetotactic bacteria are building pyramid steps according to this article and youtube: www.luxury-eblog.com/?p=143Swarm of Bacteria Builds Tiny Pyramid www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCSOdQK5PIY
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Post by kammy on May 28, 2011 9:46:57 GMT -5
Just looking around on youtube, I find the 5 major ways that chemicals interact: www.youtube.com/watch?v=tE4668aarck&feature=relatedI'm pretty sure synthesis is involved, maybe others? Synthesis en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesis"Chemistry and biochemistry Chemical synthesis, the execution of chemical reactions to form a more complex molecule from chemical precursors Organic synthesis, the chemical synthesis of organic compounds Total synthesis, the complete organic synthesis of complex organic compounds, usually without the aid of biological processes Convergent synthesis or linear synthesis, a strategy to improve the efficiency of multi-step chemical syntheses Dehydration synthesis, a chemical synthesis resulting in the loss of a water molecule Paal–Knorr synthesis, a chemical reaction named after Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr Biosynthesis, the creation of an organic compound in a living organism, usually aided by enzymes Photosynthesis, a biochemical reaction using a carbon molecule to produce an organic molecule, using sunlight as a catalyst Chemosynthesis, the synthesis of biological compounds into organic waste, using methane or an oxidized molecule as a catalyst Amino acid synthesis, the synthesis of an amino acid from its constituents* Peptide synthesis, the biochemical synthesis of peptides using amino acids Protein biosynthesis, the multi-step biochemical synthesis of proteins (long peptides) DNA synthesis (disambiguation), several biochemical processes for making DNA DNA replication, DNA biosynthesis in vivo Synthesis (cell cycle) RNA synthesis, the synthesis of RNA from nucleic acids, using another nucleic acid chain as a template ATP synthesis, the biochemical synthesis of ATP" **Just briefly running down the list... I think most of these are involved...! My gosh! This is incredibly synthetic, synthesis of every sort and throw in sound synthesis most likely, (of course, we'll need some testings to prove this) - but, it's what it looks like from what we're describing.
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 7:53:57 GMT -5
Let us say that our sphere in its carbon-appearing form is closest to a synthetic microsphere or cenosphere... I haven't looked at magnitosphere yet. Not much on the spelling of 'magnitosphere'... have to use magnetosphere, which puts us into outer space. Here's 9 interesting patents under this search: www.freepatentsonline.com/result.html?query_txt=Magnetosphere+coal&sort=relevance&srch=top&search=Harmonic Energy Exchange Device www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0191580.html"The ideal energy source for mankind will not add heat to the planet's ecosystem, will not produce by-product green house gases; will not deplete our food and water resources; will not produce toxic wastes; however, it will be portable, self-replenishing and constantly available in real time anywhere on Earth and in useful quantities. Our major source of natural energy on Earth is the Sun. Energy from the Sun enters the Earth's ecosphere by particle bombardment, radiated electromagnetic energy, gravitational variations and magnetic processes. Mankind has developed various methods of capturing energy from the Sun already. Silicon-based solar cells convert light in a narrow bandwidth into electron flows. These cells are—at most—only 50% efficient and only work when the Sun is shining on them and at an optimum angle. Wind turbines only work when there is wind to power them and are—for the most part—not portable. Devices to convert wave action in the oceans only work when there are waves created by the wind and tidal effects caused by gravitational variations; and they are not portable enough to be used in common transportation devices. I concluded if mankind could find an inexpensive method of obtaining electricity from the Sun in some form that worked both day and night and which was already flowing into the Earth's ecosystem, we might be able to develop a clean and self-replenishing energy source which would add no extra heat to our ecosystem, would not alter our planetary albedo and might well be made in a portable form. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The Harmonic Energy Exchange Device (or “HEED”) offers an interim solution to Earth's dwindling fossil fuel resources. It utilizes a previously untapped energy resource which exists throughout the known Universe. By the very nature of the invention, it only interrupts the flow of energy from the Sun and all the other cosmic sources of high-energy particles on their normal journey to the Earth by way of The Outer Layers. The invention does not add energy to the normal thermodynamic equilibrium of the planet and its associated outer layers. The invention does not produce wastes—toxic or otherwise. It does not produce harmful gases; and in some embodiments it could even assist in the rebuilding of our thinning ozone shield. Use of this invention will eventually remove mankind's dependence on fossil fuels and create new occupations. It will be cheap enough that homeowners will be able to install their own HEED and sell back energy to the grid until such time as every home has their own HEED and civilization has completely weaned itself from the use of fossil fuels and nuclear energy in its current form."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 9:51:38 GMT -5
Search - 'magnitospheric plasmas' LattesUSP Local Anesthetic-induced Microscopic and Mesoscopic Effects in Micelles. ...... Two-dimensional dielectric characteristics of magnitospheric plasmas... Which took me here: scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=photo-induced+destruction+of+giant+vesicles+in+methylene+blue+solutions&btnG=SearchWhich took me here: www.cell.com/biophysj/retrieve/pii/S0006349509011564"giant unilamellar vesicles" ** One feature of our microsphere is that in its future life cycle - it turns into a giant vesicle, most likely - unilamellar. "We conclude that for every 270 singlet oxygen molecules produced by the layer of anchored porphyrins, one eventually reacts to generate a hydroperoxide species. " Porphyrins: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrin"Porphyrins are a group of organic compounds, many naturally-occuring. One of the best-known porphyrins is heme, the pigment in red blood cells; heme is a cofactor of the protein hemoglobin. Porphyrins are the conjugate acids of ligands that bind metals to form complexes. Heme-containing proteins, or hemoproteins, are found extensively in nature. Hemoglobin and myoglobin are two O2-binding proteins that contain iron porphyrins. Various cytochromes are also hemoproteins. Several other heterocycles are related to porphyrins. These include corrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorophylls, and corphins. Chlorins (2,3-dihydroporphyrin) are more reduced, contain more hydrogen than porphyrins, and feature a pyrroline subunit. This structure occurs in a chlorophyll molecule. Replacement of two of the four pyrrolic subunits with pyrrolinic subunits results in either a bacteriochlorin (as found in some photosynthetic bacteria) or an isobacteriochlorin, depending on the relative positions of the reduced rings. Applications Although natural porphyrin complexes are essential for life, synthetic porphyrins and their complexes have limited utility. Complexes of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, e.g., the iron(III) chloride complex (TPPFeCl), catalyze a variety of reactions in organic synthesis, but none of them are of practical value. Porphyrin-based compounds are of interest in molecular electronics and supramolecular building blocks. Phthalocyanines, which are structurally related to porphyrins, are used in commerce as dyes and catalysts. Synthetic porphyrin dyes that are incorporated in the design of solar cells are the subject of ongoing research. Supramolecular chemistry Porphyrins are often used to construct structures in supramolecular chemistry. These systems take advantage of the Lewis acidity of the metal, typically zinc. Organic geochemistry The field of organic geochemistry, the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on the Earth, had its origins in the isolation of porphyrins from petroleum. This finding helped establish the biological origins of petroleum. Petroleum is sometimes "fingerprinted" by analysis of trace amounts of nickel and vanadyl porphyrins. Chlorophyll is a magnesium porphyrin, and heme is an iron porphyrin, but neither porphyrin is present in petroleum. On the other hand, nickel and vanadyl porphyrins could be related to catalytic molecules from bacteria that feed primordial hydrocarbons. See also A porphyrin-related disease: porphyria" Question: anchored porphyrins?
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 9:56:34 GMT -5
Porphyria en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyria"Porphyrias are a group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme bio-synthetic pathway (also called porphyrin pathway). They are broadly classified as acute (hepatic) porphyrias and cutaneous (erythropoietic) porphyrias, based on the site of the overproduction and accumulation of the porphyrins (or their chemical precursors). They manifest with either neurological complications or skin problems (or occasionally both). A clinically induced and histologically identical condition is called pseudoporphyria. Pseudoporphyria is characterized by normal serum and urine porphyrin levels. Acute porphyria The acute, or hepatic, porphyrias primarily affect the nervous system, resulting in abdominal pain, vomiting, acute neuropathy, muscle weakness, seizures, and mental disturbances, including hallucinations, depression, anxiety, and paranoia. Cardiac arrhythmias and tachycardia (fast heart rate) may develop as the autonomic nervous system is affected. Pain can be severe and can, in some cases, be both acute and chronic in nature. Constipation is frequently present, as the nervous system of the gut is affected, but diarrhea can also occur. Given the many presentations and the relatively uncommon occurrence of porphyria, the patient may initially be suspected to have other, unrelated conditions. For instance, the polyneuropathy of acute porphyria may be mistaken for Guillain-Barré syndrome, and porphyria testing is commonly recommended in those scenarios.[6] Systemic lupus erythematosus features photosensitivity and pain attacks and shares various other symptoms with porphyria. Not all porphyrias are genetic, and patients with liver disease who develop porphyria as a result of liver dysfunction may exhibit other signs of their condition, such as jaundice. Cutaneous porphyria The cutaneous, or erythropoietic, porphyrias primarily affect the skin, causing photosensitivity (photodermatitis), blisters, necrosis of the skin and gums, itching, and swelling, and increased hair growth on areas such as the forehead. Often there is no abdominal pain, distinguishing it from other porphyrias. In some forms of porphyria, accumulated heme precursors excreted in the urine may cause various changes in color, after exposure to sunlight, to a dark reddish or dark brown color. Even a purple hue or red urine may be seen. As most porphyrias are rare conditions, general hospital labs typically do not have the expertise, technology or staff time to perform porphyria testing."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 10:07:19 GMT -5
Porphyria
"Diagnosis
Porphyria is diagnosed through spectroscopy and biochemical analysis of blood, urine, and stool.[8] In general, urine estimation of porphobilinogen (PBG) is the first step if acute porphyria is suspected. As a result of feedback, the decreased production of heme leads to increased production of precursors, PBG being one of the first substances in the porphyrin synthesis pathway.[9] In nearly all cases of acute porphyria syndromes, urinary PBG is markedly elevated except for the very rare ALA dehydratase deficiency or in patients with symptoms due to hereditary tyrosinemia type I.[citation needed] In cases of mercury- or arsenic poisoning-induced porphyria, other changes in porphyrin profiles appear, most notably elevations of uroporphyrins I & III, coproporphyrins I & III and pre-coproporphyrin.
Repeat testing during an attack and subsequent attacks may be necessary in order to detect a porphyria, as levels may be normal or near-normal between attacks. The urine screening test has been known to fail in the initial stages of a severe life threatening attack of acute intermittent porphyria.
The bulk (up to 90%) of the genetic carriers of the more common, dominantly inherited acute hepatic porphyrias (acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, variegate porphyria) have been noted in DNA tests to be latent for classic symptoms and may require DNA or enzyme testing. The exception to this may be latent post-puberty genetic carriers of hereditary coproporphyria.
As most porphyrias are rare conditions, general hospital labs typically do not have the expertise, technology or staff time to perform porphyria testing. In general, testing involves sending samples of blood, stool and urine to a reference laboratory.[8] All samples to detect porphyrins must be handled properly. Samples should be taken during an acute attack, otherwise a false negative result may occur. Samples must be protected from light and either refrigerated or preserved.[8]
If all the porphyrin studies are negative, one has to consider pseudoporphyria. A careful medication review often will find the inciting cause of pseudoporphyria.
Pathogenesis
In humans, porphyrins are the main precursors of heme, an essential constituent of hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase, peroxidase, respiratory and P450 liver cytochromes.
Deficiency in the enzymes of the porphyrin pathway leads to insufficient production of heme. Heme function plays a central role in cellular metabolism. This is not the main problem in the porphyrias; most heme synthesis enzymes—even dysfunctional enzymes—have enough residual activity to assist in heme biosynthesis. The principal problem in these deficiencies is the accumulation of porphyrins, the heme precursors, which are toxic to tissue in high concentrations. The chemical properties of these intermediates determine the location of accumulation, whether they induce photosensitivity, and whether the intermediate is excreted (in the urine or feces).
The hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems, usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth.
Variegate porphyria (also porphyria variegata or mixed porphyria), which results from a partial deficiency in PROTO oxidase, manifests itself with skin lesions similar to those of porphyria cutanea tarda combined with acute neurologic attacks. All other porphyrias are either skin- or nerve-predominant."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 10:10:45 GMT -5
Porphyria
"Culture and history
Porphyrias have been detected in all races, multiple ethnic groups on every continent including Africans, Asians, Australian aborigines, Caucasians, Peruvian, Mexican, Native Americans, and Sami. There are high incidence reports of AIP in areas of India and Scandinavia and over 200 genetic variants of AIP, some of which are specific to families, although some strains have proven to be repeated mutations.
The links between porphyrias and mental illness have been noted for decades. In the early 1950s patients with porphyrias (occasionally referred to as "Porphyric Hemophilia"[17]) and severe symptoms of depression or catatonia were treated with electroshock.
Vampires and werewolves
Porphyria has been suggested as an explanation for the origin of vampire and werewolf legends, based upon certain perceived similarities between the condition and the folklore."
**Well, the CDC said they might do a vampire or werewolf theme next?
I need someone to look at this with a medical background or knowledge?
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 11:05:26 GMT -5
Not to say that Morgellons is Porphyria, per se, as I believe it's a 'stew' combination, but, maybe some of our symptoms are porphyria-like? That by just barely glancing it appears that we might have some of the characteristics of this disease? Wouldn't it be wonderful to finally have a name for what partially ails us, something that we could look up the literature on? I'll continue to look, please help if you feel inclined.
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 11:30:41 GMT -5
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 11:56:52 GMT -5
Before I move past it, I wanted to look at this link above more closely that mentions 'destruction of the giant vesicles', might be some things to help us?: scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=photo-induced+destruction+of+giant+vesicles+in+methylene+blue+solutions&btnG=SearchPhoto-Induced Destruction of Giant Vesicles in Methylene Blue Solutions pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/la061510vpubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2007/langd5.2007.23.issue-3/la061510v/production/images/medium/la061510vn00001.gif"We study the photodecomposition of phospholipid bilayers in aqueous solutions of methylene blue. Observation of giant unilamellar vesicles under an optical microscope reveals a consistent pattern of membrane disruption as a function of methylene blue concentration and photon density for different substrates supporting the vesicles." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_blue"Cancer Recent research suggests that methylene blue, toluidine blue, and other 3,7-diaminophenothiazinium-based redox cyclers induce selective cancer cell apoptosis by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)-dependent bioreductive generation of cellular oxidative stress.[10] Combined with plant auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), methylene blue is being investigated for the photodynamic treatment of cancer.[11] Combined with light Methylene blue combined with light has been used to treat resistant plaque psoriasis,[12] AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma,[13] West Nile virus,[14] and to inactivate staphylococcus aureus,[15] HIV-1,[16] Duck hepatitis B,[17] adenovirus vectors,[18] and hepatitis C.[19] Phenothiazine dyes and light have been known to have virucidal properties for over 80 years.[20] In some circumstances, the combination can cause DNA damage that may lead to cancer. Cyanide poisoning Since its reduction potential is similar to that of oxygen and can be reduced by components of the electron transport chain, large doses of methylene blue are sometimes used as an antidote to potassium cyanide poisoning,... Carbon monoxide poisoning Methylene blue was also used in the mid-twentieth century in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. under the tradename rember, may provide a way of halting or slowing the progression of Alzheimer's dementia.[33] However, the formulation used was different from that commonly available as a medicine and caution has been expressed about use of methylene blue as a treatment for Alzheimer's. See also Gentian violet Methyl violet Dichlorophenolindophenol Fluorescein Prussian blue Egyptian Blue Han Purple Potassium ferrocyanide Potassium ferricyanide"
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 12:57:46 GMT -5
Gentian violet en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentian_violet"Medical Gentian violet has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.[9] It is used medically for these properties, in particular for dentistry, and is also known as "pyoctanin" (or "pyoctanine").[2] It is commonly used for: Marking the skin for surgery preparation and allergy testing Tinea; e.g. Athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm Candida albicans and related infections; e.g. thrush, yeast infections Mouth ulcers[10] Impetigo, used primarily before the advent of antibiotics, but still useful to persons who may be allergic to penicillin, as it cleans the open sores and prevents spread of the contagion Abrasion; It has also one of the best agents for "scabbing" up an abrasion or "strawberry" type of weeping wound where the flesh is abraded away. It will prevent infection in almost any wound or burn and quickly help the epithelium form a scab. It does not burn when applied and temporary skin discoloration is a minor side effect."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 13:00:55 GMT -5
Effect of zinc insertion and hydrophobicity on the membrane interactions and PDT activity of porphyrin photosensitizers pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2009/PP/b810313e"A series of photosensitizers (PS), which are meso-substituted tetra-cationic porphyrins, was synthesized in order to study the role of amphiphilicity and zinc insertion in photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Several properties of the PS were evaluated and compared within the series including photophysical properties (absorption spectra, fluorescence quantum yield Φf, and singlet oxygen quantum yield ΦΔ), uptake by vesicles, mitochondria and HeLa cells, dark and phototoxicity in HeLa cells. The stronger membrane interaction of the zinc-substituted porphyrins is attributed to a complexing effect with phosphate groups of the phospholipids. Zinc insertion was also shown to decrease the interaction with isolated mitochondria and with the mitochondria of HeLa cells, an effect that has been explained by the particular characteristics of the mitochondrial internal membrane. Phototoxicity was shown to increase proportionally with membrane binding efficiency, which is attributed to favorable membrane interactions which allow more efficient membrane photooxidation."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 13:05:14 GMT -5
Photo-oxidation of polymers en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo-oxidation_of_polymers"Photo-oxidation is the degradation of a polymer surface in the presence of oxygen or ozone. The effect is facilitated by radiant energy such as UV or artificial light. This process is the most significant factor in weathering of polymers. Antioxidants are used to inhibit the formation of hydroperoxides in the photo-oxidation process." Photodegradation en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodegradation"Photodegradation is degradation of a photodegradable molecule caused by the absorption of photons, particularly those wavelengths found in sunlight, such as infrared radiation, visible light, and ultraviolet light. However, other forms of electromagnetic radiation can cause photodegradation. Photodegradation includes photodissociation, the breakup of molecules into smaller pieces by photons."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 13:09:26 GMT -5
Antimicrobial mechanisms behind photodynamic effect in the presence of hydrogen peroxide pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2011/PP/c0pp00082e"This study describes the use of methylene blue (MB) plus light (photodynamic inactivation, PDI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to kill Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. When H2O2 was added to MB plus light there was an increased antimicrobial effect, which could be due to a change in the type of ROS generated or increased microbial uptake of MB. To clarify the mechanism, the production of ROS was investigated in the presence and absence of H2O2. It was observed that ROS production was almost inhibited by the presence of H2O2 when cells were not present." " inside C. albicans cells confirmed that ROS production is higher in the presence of H2O2." Does anyone speak with Carnicom via email? We need to ask him if he will do a viability test with methylene blue and send him this link?
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 13:44:02 GMT -5
Photodynamic Therapy: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers www.publish.csiro.au/paper/CH08145"Abstract The present work is focussed on the principles of photodynamic therapy (PDT), emphasizing the photochemical mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation and the consequent biochemical processes generated by the action of reactive oxygen species on various biological macromolecules and organelles. Important aspects of the coordination chemistry of metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines used as photosensitizers are also discussed. Furthermore, macrocyclic photosensitizers, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines?, are specifically described." Search - 'metalloporphyrins microscopic': www.futuremedicine.com/doi/abs/10.2217/nnm.09.111"Photodynamic therapy represents an alternative treatment with great potential in some types of cancer and premalignant conditions. In the quest to improve this therapy, potential new nontetrapyrrole photosensitizers are currently under research. Hence, in the last few years fullerenes attracted an increased interest because they prove characteristics for nanotechnology’s biomedical applications. Fullerenes derivatization for biology application in general and in particular for photodynamic therapy, led to the idea of their association with porphyrins. Porphyrins, well-known players in this domain, could form in association with fullerenes, new compounds with unique properties, namely new photosensitizers with enhanced efficiency in terms of singlet oxygen generation and tumor cell penetration." ** metal + porphyrins + fullerenes
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 13:53:21 GMT -5
Search - 'phthalocyanines' Nanowires for Future Electronics: Process for Manufacturing Nanoelectronic 'Mini-Circuits' Developed www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100623104434.htm"This is a graph of the molar extinction coefficient of Magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc) dissolved in pyridine."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 14:02:10 GMT -5
Photodynamic therapy: physical, biochemical and clinical aspects www.bv.fapesp.br/en/projetos-tematicos/1337/photodynamic-therapy-physical-biochemical-clinical/"Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapy in which a combination of visible light, drugs that are photoactivated and oxygen, is used to destroy tissues diseased by cancer and other pathological conditions that have abnormal cellular growth as common characteristic. Good results of a PDT treatment depend on a series of processes dealing with the interaction between light and living tissues and involve knowledge of several disciplines including physics/photonics chemistry/biochemistry and biology/medicine. New photo-pharmaceuticals will be designed and synthesized based on this knowledge." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy"The German physician Friedrich Meyer–Betz performed the first study with what was first called photoradiation therapy (PRT) with porphyrins in humans in 1913. Mechanism of action A photosensitizer is a chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength. Usually, the photosensitizer is excited from a ground singlet state to an excited singlet state. It then undergoes intersystem crossing to a longer-lived excited triplet state. One of the few chemical species present in tissue with a ground triplet state is molecular oxygen. When the photosensitizer and an oxygen molecule are in proximity, an energy transfer can take place that allows the photosensitizer to relax to its ground singlet state, and create an excited singlet state oxygen molecule. Singlet oxygen is a very aggressive chemical species and will very rapidly react with any nearby biomolecules. (The specific targets depend heavily on the photosensitizer chosen.) Ultimately, these destructive reactions will kill cells through apoptosis or necrosis. This mechanism is identical to the mechanism of the disease erythropoietic protoporphyria, which causes blistering in response to sun exposure due to a genetic defect in the same metabolic pathway."
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Post by kammy on May 29, 2011 14:14:17 GMT -5
Erythropoietic protoporphyria en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietic_protoporphyria"Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a relatively mild form of porphyria, although very painful, which arises from a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the tissue.[1]:525 The severity varies significantly from individual to individual." "Presentation A common symptom is very painful photosensitivity, manifesting itself as a burning and itching sensation on the surface of the skin. At times the itching sensations are almost unbearable. Rubbing the affected areas with ice can be the only relief, and that is only temporary. The usual anti-itch remedies, including cortisone anti-histamine topical preparations, and Calomine lotion generally provide little or no relief. Since porphyria is not that common, most doctors don't even think to do blood porphyrin levels when symptoms present. For doctors that are familiar with porphyria, it is generally considered insignificant and irrelevant compared to the possibility of a pending burst appendix, especially since porphyrin levels cannot be generally be received back immediately due to lab protocols. Porphyrin neurotoxins are neurotropic and shut down the nerve trunks one by one until the individual has difficulty with fine motor tasks, like turning phonebook pages, has difficulty speaking (develops dystonic speech that is almost unintelligible), and develops difficulty breathing. The porphyrin neurotoxins have caused some patients to present to the Emergency Room not only in pain but also seeming to be neurotic, or even psychotic. Once glucose is infused, those episodes subside, and if they don't, healthy red blood cell infusion in whole also helps, due to the naturally occurring glucose in the infused blood. These patients will often present with a very enlarged spleen due to having to process defective red blood cells. At times poking around on the spleen can cause elevation of body temperature by at least two degrees Fahrenheit. The liver may also be tender. People with EPP are also at increased risk to develop gallstones.[3] In a small percentage of cases, protoporphyrin accumulates to toxic levels in the liver, leading to liver failure. Treatment and prognosis There is no cure for this disorder; however, symptoms can usually be managed by the simple expedient of limiting sun exposure. Protective clothing is also very helpful. Since the photosensitivity results from light in the visible spectrum, most sunscreens (with the exception of light-reflecting substances such as zinc oxide) are of little use. Some individuals may decrease their sun sensitivity with daily doses of beta carotene, though a recent meta analysis of carotene treatment has called its effectiveness into question.[5] Some patients gradually build a protective layer of melanin by regularly exposing themselves for short times to ultraviolet radiation. Experimental treatments ... has successfully completed Phase III clinical trials [6] with a melanocyte-stimulating hormone called afamelanotide..., for the treatment of EPP. EPP is considered one of the least severe of the porphyrias. One thing to keep in mind is the fact that low blood sugar activates the cytochrome p450 system. The cytochrome p450 system is the system that contains the subsystem that produces the porphyrin ring. Therefore infusion of glucose into the blood stream to produce slightly higher than normal blood sugar produces relief. Transfusion of healthy blood cells in whole blood into the patient also gives relief. Protoporphyrins sometimes accumulate to toxic levels in the liver, causing liver failure; if this occurs, a liver transplant becomes necessary."
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Post by kammy on Jun 1, 2011 1:07:43 GMT -5
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Post by kammy on Jun 1, 2011 11:19:43 GMT -5
Porphyria I don't know if I've found a part of Morgellons or what's wrong with me, specifically? When I look this man's hand photo: This looks like my knuckles and on my big toe currently, the white chalky dryness on the top two knuckles. My father had a sun allergy disease in his old age - that he'd break out in red whelps and have to wear a big straw hat... I've probably inherited something from him? This disease can also be induced with chemicals - porphyria sounds like part of the problem or my problem, to me.
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Post by kammy on Jun 5, 2011 8:00:13 GMT -5
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyria"The term derives from the Greek πορφύρα, porphyra, meaning "purple pigment". The name is likely to have been a reference to the purple discolouration of feces and urine in patients during an attack.[1]" Where my lesions have healed, it has left a purplish colored scar. Someone said that if you have Porphyria and put your urine outside in the sun - it will turn purple. I'm going to conduct a test soon to capture some in a lidded jar and put it outside to see.
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Post by skyship on Jun 5, 2011 12:03:28 GMT -5
cobalt phthalocyanine nanowires grow out of an iron phthalocyanine nanowire Did you see this image Kammy? the second one. ====================== Under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), palladium octaethyl-porphyrin nano-lamellae and nanowires grow on a perylene nanowire which has been sputtered with silver particles. nanopatentsandinnovations.blogspot.com/2010/06/nanowires-for-electronics-and.html======================= in this case palladium was used. Show relationship to porphria. I know some who have this. This means is related to blood? Blood in urine? Will try experiment as well. Etheric magick? they call it? the 12 strands of nanowires? The Awakening? Whose Awakening? Our spiritual genes? hijacked! Skyship
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Post by kammy on Jun 5, 2011 16:02:08 GMT -5
"Will try experiment as well."
TY, Sky, if we can draw some conclusions soon - it would save a lot of research time.
I'm looking for something that can somewhat easily verified that we can all go to our doctors and say - 'hey, what's wrong with me has some of the characteristics of "blahblah"' - so that they could run some tests in that direction. We just need for a couple of us to figure out if Porphyria pertains to us or not.
You saw how I got here by looking at your magnetosphere find?
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Post by skyship on Jun 5, 2011 17:24:15 GMT -5
yup.........found more will post later.
that is where the fake light is too in the crystals.
skyship
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Post by kammy on Jun 5, 2011 19:57:15 GMT -5
I'm taking antibiotics right now, I don't know if I'll get a valid reading or not? But, I will try the experiment anyway.
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Post by kammy on Jun 6, 2011 11:08:48 GMT -5
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Post by kammy on Jun 6, 2011 11:18:13 GMT -5
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