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Post by skyship on Oct 19, 2009 20:53:24 GMT -5
Atlas Will Reveal When and Where Genes Turn On in the BrainWell, they have achieved a full recovery of brain works, so now we should be on our way as journeys are taken through our brains. All with ARRA funds. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
Exciting isn't it? Now the magicians can find our bodies with GPS, and even smaller can find our brains, and know when they turn on or off.
Will the magicians tell us how? Bet not.============ When and where in the brain a gene turns on holds clues to its possible role in disease. For example, a recent study found that forms of a gene associated with schizophrenia are over-expressed in the fetal brain, adding to evidence implicating this critical developmental period. To make such discoveries about what is abnormal, scientists first need to know what the normal patterns of gene expression are during development. To this end, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health, is expediting creation of a Transcriptional Atlas of Human Brain Development. The framework of the transcriptional atlas will be completed by the Fall of 2011, with funding under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), but will continue to grow as additional data are collected. This resource will be available via the web as early as the Fall of 2010. "We know relatively little about how specific risk genes for mental disorders affect brain development or which risk gene variants influence gene expression across development," explained NIMH Director Thomas R. Insel, M.D. "We need to find out which genes are expressed in particular brain regions at specific time points." To map this human brain "transcriptome," researchers will identify the composition of intermediate products, called transcripts or messenger RNAs, that translate genes into proteins throughout development. ARRA grants totaling $35 million were awarded in late September to a Consortium of researchers at the University of Southern California (USC), Yale University and the Allen Institute for Brain Science. Researchers at Yale and USC will read out the genetic letter sequences of transcripts in 16 brain regions at 11 key developmental stages from over 900 samples. The Allen Institute will provide more detailed analysis at the cellular level in a subset of samples. NIMH Intramural Research Program researchers will provide the majority of brain tissue samples."We hope to begin to understand how differences in gene expression in distinct brain regions contribute to development of the human brain," explained Michelle Freund, Ph.D., of NIMH's Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science, who is coordinating the effort. "We will be able to chart the onset of alternative forms of transcripts and patterns of gene expression in particular brain regions. For example, we'll be able to say 'This particular form of this gene turns on in the hippocampus at 9 weeks.' This continuously updated resource will be invaluable for researchers." The 11 developmental stages range from 4-7 weeks of embryonic development to mid-adulthood. Fewer brain regions will be assessed at the earliest stages, as some regions cannot be reliably dissected until later in fetal development.
Researchers at the Allen Institute will integrate the Yale and USC findings with high resolution reference images and detailed cellular information into an online multi-modal resource that the research community can query - similar to the Institute's Developing Mouse Brain Atlas and Human Brain Atlas. "For example, a researcher doing mouse behavioral studies could consult the new human atlas to see where and when a particular gene of interest is expressed in human brain development," said Freund. A complementary effort by the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience supports a much smaller scale project that is mapping select gene expression in the developing non-human primate brain using roughly analogous developmental time-points. Using state of the art high throughput sequencing machines, the researchers hope to complete sequencing of the human transcripts and select regional gene expression patterns by September 2011. Data analysis and development of web based tools to query the data will be ongoing. The USC group will also map environmental, or epigenetic regulation of gene expression across development.Principal investigators for the transcriptome consortium are: James Knowles, M.D., Ph.D., Pat Levitt, Ph.D., University of Southern California Nenad Sestan, Ph.D., Yale University Ed Lein, Ph.D., Michael Hawrylycz, Ph.D., Allen Institute for Brain Science Daniel Weinberger, M.D., and Joel Kleinman, M.D., Ph.D., NIMH Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, will contribute the tissue samples. tinyurl.com/ygp66oawww.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2009/atlas-will-reveal-when-and- where-genes-turn-on-in-the-brain.shtml Epigenetics the new name for Eugenics. Make the perfect more perfect, and the diseases, more diseased.
What a hidden agenda, right inside our bodies. They will write the genes for us, no more hereditary defects. The perfect solution to perfect the society and the people you want around, the rest are experiments.
Still missing the main ingredient though. Ancient Native genes. They are still looking for them.
Sounds like from birth to death they have our brains, not just socially, but mechanically as well, or should I say moleculaly as well.
By their molecules you shall know them.
Skyship
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Post by skyship on Oct 20, 2009 12:30:45 GMT -5
Following up to the map, is this incident:Bio-Nanotechology: A Human Attack VectorAbstract At present, humans could be direct targets of hacked bio- or nanotechnologies. This paper describes the future of biotechnology and nanotechnology, focusing on smart motes and bio-engineered products based on genome mapping. Then threats from these emerging technologies are developed to show different attack potentials. Finally, alternative development activities are proposed that mitigate the risks posed to humans. In March 2008, an Internet attacker posted hundreds of messages laced with flashing graphics to the Epilepsy Foundation web site that caused patrons of the web symptoms ranging from headaches to seizures (EpilepsyFoundation.com, 2008). This attack, while not using nanotechnology, represents a turning point in Internet attacks where the intended target and harm is not a computer, but a human being. With this attack in mind, embedded bionanotechnology that is ingested or implanted spawns the same concern: Could embedded bionanotechnology be an attack vector to a person?[/u] In the near future, foods and drinks will be laced with smart nano-sized devices to maintain product authenticity and tamper resistance. However, there is no consumer means to strip these devices out of a bottle of water or steak. Thus, c onsumers will have these devices in them for an unknown amount of time. The concern is that these agents could be compromised or otherwise hacked before they are ingested. Once inside the body, the human immune system would be unaware or neutralized to their presence, awaiting a command or trigger. The trigger could be the presence of another embedded bionanotechnology or could be an external stimulus from radio, light, or sound. Such a scenario could pose a threat to human viability.From Richard Feynman's 1959 speech "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," science has focused on ever-smaller and more intelligent agents to perform routine tasks. The field of nanotechnology has discovered that scientific laws 'in the large' do not apply 'in the small.' Buckyballs, a new form of carbon developed as part of this small science, have properties that are unique: One cell thick 'walls' that comprise carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the strongest creations in nature, can be conductive of electricity and/or fluids, can change characteristics, and are the basis of much of the new science. Similarly, in the biotechnology realm, genetic engineering made possible by genome mapping has revolutionized food production and is beginning to be applied to almost every manufacturing area. Combining biotechnology and nanotechnology will allow smart, reprogrammable, self-replicating organisms that are self-organizing networks of independent actors that can be programmed to perform just about any task. As Angela Belcher of MIT says, “Bacteria are just a factory to make viruses, and the viruses are just a tool to build electrodes .” The benefits of such technological revolutions seems obvious. Less obvious are the risks to human life posed by the technologies. This paper explores the characteristics of biotechnology and nanotechnology to describe the technology and to develop a list of risks posed to human health. Then, several proposals are made to prevent the risks identified........
.......... .One map for genes and proteins contains five different characteristics for each: Structure, expression, variation, function and integration (CHIDB.com, 2008). Each unique combination of characteristics much be understood and controlled in the creation of biotechnology products........
more here: .......The ACTION-Grid project funded by the European Union is a project to design and implement large-scale computing and knowledge management support for bio-medical informatics, nano-technology, and grid computing technology, using service-oriented architecture approach for the software (Action-Grid.EU, 2008)........ ...... Nanotech devices can have as few as 15 molecules which each perform some unique function with one computing device, one communicating device, and one or more action devices in a unit. One common form of not-quite-nano-technology is "Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), which is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate that measure … mechanical, thermal, biological, chemical, optical, and magnetic phenomena" (Memsnet.org, 2008, pg 1). MEMS, microscopic sized devices, and nanotechnology are often discussed together because MEMS are used in many devices that work on a nano-scale, such as scanning tunneling microscopes. Initial MEMS were simply small mechanical devices, but integrating circuits along with sensors on the same silicon enables intelligence through programming. MEMS devices are replacing other, large, non-integrated, more costly technologies such as accelerometers in air bag deployment systems (Memsnet.org, 2008). The nanotechnology level of work is even more like science fiction. Nanotechnology science has developed machines that build other machines. The machines build atomically precise structures consisting of specific arrangements of atoms. These functional nanostructures process either energy, some material, or information (Foresight.org, 2007)........ At the molecular level, science in the large does not apply. For instance, laws of gravity and inertia disappear at the atomic level (Memx.com, 2008). This has caused the development of whole new sciences of physics, chemistry, and materials manufacturing to define atomic operations. Computing at the molecular level requires a 'Tiny OS®' or other operating limited instruction set along with very compact programs. However, even Tiny OSs are subject to the same follies as their larger counterparts: viruses, injection attacks, buffer overflows, and the like. Further, programs are error-prone and changeable, and thus are also open to attacks.Bionanotechnology Combining living organisms from biotechnology with mechanical intelligence from nanotechnology has also given rise to whole new areas of science. Applying combined bionanotechnology requires, on the bio-side, knowledge of proteins, amino acids, nucleic acid, and cell adsorption on surfaces. Bio-knowledge is coupled with nano-knowledge that includes physics, chemistry, and engineering as applied to nano capabilities, methods, and contexts. The technology-knowledge includes computing, quantum interface management, tiny operating systems, and so on. In short, it is as Arthur C Clarke said, "Any suitably advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic" (Clarke on brainyquotes.com, 1961). With applications from space to health to robotics, the only limits on our use of bionanotechnology are the imaginations of its creators......more here: sprouts.aisnet.org/542/1/Conger_20098_Bio-Nanotechology--_A_Human_Attack_Vector.pdfskyship
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Post by skyship on Oct 20, 2009 13:16:11 GMT -5
more snippets from above link:
The combination of bio and nanotechnologies will revolutionize the practice of medicine and dentistry. Biotechnology will eventually identify the means to prolong life into hundreds of years while nanotechnology will deliver the bioengineered products in a manner that will minimize rejection. Some products either being developed or on the horizon include arterial cleaners with nano-injectors, mobile cell repair units, dermal displays to integrate computing into human bodies, and robots capable of deciding where, how, and what to mine on asteroids (Foresight.org, 2008). am wondering about the tunneling microscope: How convenient:... when the devices are done with their original task, they will be able to be shut down or reprogrammed to do other work in the body. This should lead to more timely diagnosis of disease of all types, but should enable faster quarantine of patients who might otherwise spread epidemics (Nanotechnologydevelopment.com, 2008)....... ...Garbage dumps, waste treatment, forest fires, and pollution should be eradicable by use of bionano devices to 'eat' the offending materials, reducing them to their elements.Sprouts 2008 sprouts.aisnet.org/8-39....... .....Computing support for intelligent bionano devices is under development by IBM, Intel, ST Micro and others. A consortium of these companies recently was credited with building the "world's smallest static random access memory (SRAM)" and the group is at work on a 32 nm gate array for a 22 nm technology node(Nanotechnologydevelopment.com, 2008). The first TinyOS® was created at Berkeley as part of the smart mote project as long ago as 1999 and has become the industry de facto standard (Tinyos.net, 2008)...... Tiny OS is a smart dust chip:
see photo on link:.. Smart motes, commercialized as Smart Dust and first developed at Berkeley in the late 1990s, has undergone four radically different generations of development. The first generation was a 2-inch by 2-inch device that has been commercialized for building environmental controls. The present generation shown in the photo at right is now a two nanometer device capable of changing shape so that when deployed from an airplane, [glow=red,2,300]it can either drop to the ground or be carried on wind currents. Smart Dust imbeds the TinyOS plus wireless communications, coming to life only every 15-20 minutes to preserve the battery and provide two to three years of active life. [/glow]Smart motes form selforganizing networks with the nodes doing some sort of sensing and the server reporting the sensor readings. Since communications are two-way, smart dust is able to be repurposed. The sensors shown in the photo are meant to be airborne but other species of them are meant to be aerosoled, painted, ingested, or imbedded in other devices, such as upholstery, clothing, or carpeting.[/b] These devices can provide monitoring on every human on earth. While some might think this is an acceptable trade-off for eliminating, or managing, terrorism, the massive loss of personal privacy deserves some public discussion. In another scenario, smart motes can be used for industrial espionage.......[/b] So,,,,,,,,,,,,,these can be dropped from planes,,,,,,,imagine that! .... Some known health risks from smart mote-type devices are already identified. There are risks from electromagnetic energy that, so far, have gone unresearched (Albrecht & McIntyre, 2004; Singer, 2003). Carbon nanotubes, the basis for most bionanotechnology have been found to cause reactions in protozoa such that the cells eventually die (Wilson, 2008). Further, since 2003, the permeation of 100nm or smaller particles by human skin has been known and warned about as a threat to humanity that has been largely ignored(SmallTimes.com, 2003). Once broadly deployed, nano-scale devices pose unknown risks to human existence. Mature mote technology will be able to manipulate life forms (Singer, 2003; Pelesko, 2005; Warnecke, et al., 2001). In one scenario, every device is given a task to change cell structure or purpose in a unique way in human bodies. Because so many variations of cellular attack will be taking place, the likelihood of timely diagnosis and treatment is reduced. Attacks could be randomly mounted so identifying the source becomes impossible. Massive loss of life would be expected........ ...............There is no half-life of self-replicating organisms and, since risks were made known in 2003, no prevention of these potentials has taken place (Bennet, et al., 2005)........... Proposed Changes in Emerging Technology DevelopmentAlternatives for action include doing nothing, laissez-faire, creation of a security state with militant paternalism, social transparency, mutual accountability in a reciprocal environment (Wood, 2007). The first two alternatives beg the dire consequences identified above and, therefore, are unacceptable. The security state, while feasible, seems not the ideal alternative because in world history security states tend to become repressive dictatorships. Therefore, social transparency and mutual accountability become the real alternatives. These alternatives are not mutually exclusive and, mutual accountability may only be possible with full transparency. Therefore, these seems to be the desired social end-states. None of the above alternatives give or assume any direction for governments to take. If the OECD's 1980 privacy guidelines were taken as a direction, something similar could be developed for bionanotechnologies. This adaptation would include directives on, for instance, deployment, life cycle, communication, security, usage, purpose, openness, and accountability. While such guidelines are useful for organizations that participate in society, they are useless in regulating renegades. Thus, while desirable, government directives, whether local or global, are unlikely to actually regulate much activity. Technical solutions should also be considered. First, risk analysis on each application of each technology could be performed and the risks mitigated as products are developed. Authentication for change authorization and code access are critical to preventing casual hacks. Signals to and from devices should be required to be encrypted. Some method of disabling nanodevices and/or their self-replicating mechanisms should be imbedded in every device (cf. Konidala, et al, 2006). A 'privacy bit' could be imbedded in each nanodevice to allow only legitimate readers information access (cf. OECD, 2006; Konidala, et al, 2006). Perhaps clothing could include fail-safe mechanisms that would shutdown all nanodevices within, for example, a 2-foot radius. Finally, technology design could be forced to include failsafe mechanisms that can be override all other programming, as needed (cf. Konidala, et al., 2006). The problem with all of these solutions is that they all appear to be temporary. As intelligent, self-replicating devices proliferate, the risks to human viability become clear. Government regulation, mutual accountability with full transparency, and failsafe mechanisms for all nano-scale devices all will be required to provide a minimum of safety in their use. Beyond these measures, teaching of social responsibility will be needed to enlist a global army to vigilance against anyone violating the norms...... Sprouts 2008 sprouts.aisnet.org/8-39this could explain why some of us have the chips and some don't, our bodies fought back at one point. And notice these can be dropped from planes............ConclusionsWhile biotechnologies and nanotechnologies offer the promise of improving many aspects of life, no technology is free of negative consequences. If antidotes and safeguards to mitigate risks are not built into any bionano initiatives, the consequences skyship
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Post by skyship on Oct 20, 2009 13:56:54 GMT -5
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Post by skyship on Oct 20, 2009 14:11:33 GMT -5
Well, we are the wireless. I knew it. And we do not have discomfort from this?B S Transmission system using the human body as wave guideA communication system (TX, RX) uses the skin (GO) of the human body (CU) as a planar waveguide for the propagation of carried electromagnetic waves. The system comprises a transmitter module (TX) and a receiver module (RX) which can be connected by electrodes (EL) to any two points on the human body (CU) without the use of connections by wires, or magnetic, optical or radio means. ..... 2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is configured for using, as a transmission medium, in the form of a planar waveguide, a structure formed by three layers (COR, LUC, DER) of the human skin (GO), the three layers (COR, LUC, DER) comprising two layers (COR, DER) essentially having the characteristics of an electrically-conductive material, and one layer (LUC) essentially having the characteristics of a dielectric material, interposed between the two conductive layers (COR, DER).3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that the two conductive layers (COR, DER) of the skin are an upper layer called the cornified layer (COR) and a lower layer called the dermis (DER), and the dielectric layer is an intermediate layer called the transparent layer (LUC). 4. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it operates at a frequency compatible with the characteristics of the planar waveguide constituted by the human skin (GO). 5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that it operates at a frequency substantially of the order of 100 KHz. FROM CLOTHES TO SKIN:6. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it uses a frequency-modulated carrier wave. 7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the transmitter module (TX) and the receiver module (RX) are connected to the conductive surface layer (COR) by means of electrodes (EL). 8. Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the electrodes (EL) are connected galvanically to the surface layer (COR). 9. Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the electrodes (EL) are connected to the surface layer (COR) capacitively. 10. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that each of the transmitter module (TX) and the receiver module (RX) comprises two electrodes (EL). 11. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the transmitter module (TX) and the receiver module (RX) is incorporated in footwear.Our shoes carry the mote?12. Apparatus according to Claim 11, characterized in that the at least one of the transmitter module (TX) and the receiver module (RX) comprises two electrodes (EL), the t wo electrodes (EL) being: incorporated in a sole of the footwear, of substantially planar shape, and connectible capacitively to the surface layer (COR) of the skin (GO).13. Apparatus according to Claim 12, characterized in that the two electrodes (EL) are constituted by metal plates or meshes. 14. Footwear, characterized in that it comprises at least one module (TX), RX) of communication apparatus using the skin (GO) of a human body (CU) as a transmission line, according to any one of Claims 11 to 13. So is the carrier light wave or microwave?The present invention relates in general to apparatus for transmitting data in the form of electrical signals using the human body or part of it as a transmission line. More specifically, the present invention relates to apparatus for transmitting data using a portion of the human body as a waveguide.
The transfer of energy, and hence of electrical signals, in a solid conductor body (to which the human body is comparable) can take place by galvanic conduction and/or by the effect of the electromagnetic field associated with a vector current generated by an excitation system.
An excitation system means a source or a device which can supply electrical signals, for example, an oscillator circuit. In particular, the effect of variable currents is connected with the so-called "skin effect" which depends mainly on the frequency of the signals concerned.The transmission, by means of a human body, of an electrical signal applied by means of a galvanic or capacitive connection to the skin of the human body can also take place by the waveguide effect attributable to the structure of the human skin itself.
====== galvanic or capacitive connection to the skin of the human body --------------------------- Naturally, all of these devices could also communicate with one another with the use of conventional systems which are essentially the following: electrical conductors, radio waves, infra-red waves. However, all three of these conventional systems have many disadvantages.
Connection by means of electrical wires is, of course, extremely inconvenient for the person carrying the devices which need to communicate with one another. Moreover, these electrical wires run the risk of being torn or damaged accidentally because of the person's movements.Infra-red communication systems have the serious disadvantage of permitting communication only between two devices in sight of one another. These conditions can certainly not be guaranteed in the case of devices disposed on any part of the human body. Devices communicating by radio waves, on the other hand, have the disadvantage of being susceptible to radio interference and disturbances. Since nowadays almost all environments frequented by people are saturated with radio waves and electromagnetic interference, these communication systems would encounter considerable limitations in use. Moreover, these communication systems are themselves sources of radio interference so that their spread would inevitably lead to interference between the communication systems of people who are close together. For this reason, radio communication systems are also unable to ensure communication between the various devices carried by a person. To ensure reliable radio communications it would be necessary to use digital communication systems controlled by complicated protocols which can ensure communication even in the event of disturbances and interference. However, these systems would be very complex and consequently expensive. ...Communication apparatus using the human body as a transmission line has thus been developed with the use of this principle. More specifically, the communication apparatus according to the present invention uses the human skin GO as a planar waveguide which permits the propagation of carried electromagnetic waves and therefore acts as a transmission line. Although this transmission line, constituted by the human skin GO, has far from ideal characteristics, it can however permit effective and reliable communication between the devices.,dang.................. this is comforting................. Since the communication apparatus according to the invention operates with very low voltages and powers and relatively high frequencies, it is not in any way harmful or annoying to the person whose skin GO is used as a transmission line. Moreover, since the transmission is guided, it is free of the interference problems discussed above with reference to radio communication devices.www.freepatentsonline.com/EP0824889.htmlskyship
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Post by skyship on Oct 20, 2009 14:58:28 GMT -5
Brain – machine interfaces: computational demands and clinical needs meet basic neuroscience tinyurl.com/ykmpykv74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:sJp1hj-bXR8J:www.smpp.northwestern.edu/~smpp_pub/MussaIvaldiMiller2003.pdf+human+skin+GO+in+TX+and+RX+electrodes&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us As long as 150 years ago, when Fritz and Hitzig demon- strated the electrical excitability of the motor cortex, scien- tists and fiction writers were considering the possibility of interfacing a machine with the human brain. Modern attempts have been driven by concrete technological and clinical goals. The most advanced of these has brought the perception of sound to thousands of deaf individuals by means of electrodes implanted in the cochlea. Similar attempts are underway to provide images to the visual cor- tex and to allow the brains of paralyzed patients to re-establish control of the external environment via record- ing electrodes. This review focuses on two challenges: (1) establishing a ‘closed loop’ between sensory input and motor output and (2) controlling neural plasticity to achieve the desired behavior of the brain–machine system. Meeting these challenges is the key to extending the impact of the brain–machine interface. skyship skyship
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Post by sethbob on Oct 21, 2009 3:15:36 GMT -5
In popular culture there is a series of movies called ghost in a shell which dramatizes life in 2036 in which most of the society has been cyberized with cybernetic and mechanical implants. the net is accessed via inputs in ones brain.
I think these advances in epigenectics have tremendous consequences for the entire species in light of the prevalence of character neurosis and humanity's historical penchant for self destructive behavior. The prospect of using the integumentary system as a wave guide for communication fascinates the hell out of me. It would explain how neural shunts are activated and behavioral modifications are executed without the need for hypnotic mind control. Just a matter of hacking into the central nervous system shunting control away from the subjects brain to an external source. the manchurian candidate would therefore be viable through nano-bio manipulation relegating his internal control mechnisms inert. this is very ominous indeed.
something tells me ready or not we are quickly becoming ghosts in the shell.
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Post by skyship on Oct 21, 2009 11:58:28 GMT -5
Sethbob,
Sound about right doesn't it? In a way it can be a bio/nano weapon.
Reduced to the elements and begin again with an artificial ghost.
A mirror of ourselves.
skyship
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