Post by lilsissy on Dec 1, 2009 9:19:29 GMT -5
Nice future map layed out here.
What will usher in this Standard practice.
What event will make these chips necessary?
www.morst.govt.nz/Documents/work/biotech/FutureWatch-Biotechnologies-to-2025.pdf
Emerging Applications to Watch
The following is a small sample of some of the more significant emerging biotechnology applications identified in this
report. Market forecasts have been drawn from global (and commonly US-based) market information and are not specific
to New Zealand. For a more comprehensive breakdown of emerging applications, with identification (where possible) of
forecasted market entry and technical bottlenecks to development, turn to Part 2 (at the end) of Chapters 5–8.
Health and Wellbeing
D N A C H I P S DNA chips and genetic testing will become integrated into standard clinical practice as the
genetic nature of more complex diseases is unravelled and diagnostic tools become cheaper.
This has been forecast to occur in around 2012.
R N A The therapeutic application of RNAi (or gene silencing) could theoretically be applied to any
I N T E R F E R E N C E disease that is linked to an overactive gene or genes. The first filing of an investigational drug
( R N A i ) application based on RNAi technology occurred in August 2004. The earliest prediction for an
RNAi drug to reach the market is around 2019.
S T E M C E L L Stem cells are the cells “most likely” to enable forecasted tissue engineering applications due
T H E R A P I E S to their innate ability to differentiate into other forms of tissue. The emergence of stem cellbased
therapies for the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s and
Alzheimer’s and heart disease are forecast to emerge between 2015 and 2025.
NEUROPROSTHETICS Neuroprosthetics use brain signals to operate devices like artificial limbs (wearers may also
regain the sense of touch) or computer keyboards. Successes in the lab indicate they may be
available on the market soon after 2010.
EMBRYO SCREENING Recent improvements to DNA amplification techniques mean that doctors (potentially from as
F O R M U LT I P L E early as 2005) will be able to screen pre-implantation embryos for multiple genetic traits.
G E N E T I C T R A I T S
B I O T E C H N O L O G I E S T O 2 0 2 5 / 1 1
C H A P T E R T W O
Primary Production
G M C R O P S The ability to genetically modify plants with multiple genetic traits is known as trait “stacking”.
– S TA C K E D T R A I T S GM crops with multiple genetic improvements will enable, in the first instance, greater control
over production traits, such as pest resistance. More complex transformations which target
“output traits” in plants, like increased oils or glucose, will follow. Artificial chromosome
technology and chloroplast transformation are the two most promising technologies for
achieving controlled “stacked” transformations.
M A R K E R - Marker-assisted selection breeding technology for both plants and animals is likely to allow
A S S I S T E D controlled, increasingly complex genetic traits in animal and plant reproduction, without the
S E L E C T I O N need for genetic modification.
B I O P H A R M I N G The production of high-value proteins (like pharmaceuticals), using plants or animals as
bioreactors or “factories”, is forecast to occur between 2007 and 2020. Biopharming using
farm animals is forecast to occur before production in plants.
Industry and Environment
B I O P R O C E S S I N G Micro-organism and enzyme catalysed industrial processing is being transformed by emergent
T E C H N O L O G I E S techniques like metabolic engineering, which manipulates microbial cells to bypass cell processes.
RENEWA B L E S It is estimated that, by 2010, 10% of the global plastics market will be for renewables and,
– B I O P L A S T I C S by 2020–25, this will have expanded to 20% of the market.
Security and Defence
D I A G N O S T I C S National security needs (particularly in the United States) are driving the development of livecell
biosensing technologies and real-time lab-on-a-chip processing capability. These technologies
are anticipated to have spin-offs into civilian markets.
A N T I V I R A L The development of antiviral therapeutics is being driven by biodefence purposes, as well
T
H E R A P E U T I C S as the emergence of diseases like SARS and Avian flu. Approaches include targeting the
“commonalities” between different viruses and attempting to counter viral pathogens in a
generic way.
What will usher in this Standard practice.
What event will make these chips necessary?
www.morst.govt.nz/Documents/work/biotech/FutureWatch-Biotechnologies-to-2025.pdf
Emerging Applications to Watch
The following is a small sample of some of the more significant emerging biotechnology applications identified in this
report. Market forecasts have been drawn from global (and commonly US-based) market information and are not specific
to New Zealand. For a more comprehensive breakdown of emerging applications, with identification (where possible) of
forecasted market entry and technical bottlenecks to development, turn to Part 2 (at the end) of Chapters 5–8.
Health and Wellbeing
D N A C H I P S DNA chips and genetic testing will become integrated into standard clinical practice as the
genetic nature of more complex diseases is unravelled and diagnostic tools become cheaper.
This has been forecast to occur in around 2012.
R N A The therapeutic application of RNAi (or gene silencing) could theoretically be applied to any
I N T E R F E R E N C E disease that is linked to an overactive gene or genes. The first filing of an investigational drug
( R N A i ) application based on RNAi technology occurred in August 2004. The earliest prediction for an
RNAi drug to reach the market is around 2019.
S T E M C E L L Stem cells are the cells “most likely” to enable forecasted tissue engineering applications due
T H E R A P I E S to their innate ability to differentiate into other forms of tissue. The emergence of stem cellbased
therapies for the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s and
Alzheimer’s and heart disease are forecast to emerge between 2015 and 2025.
NEUROPROSTHETICS Neuroprosthetics use brain signals to operate devices like artificial limbs (wearers may also
regain the sense of touch) or computer keyboards. Successes in the lab indicate they may be
available on the market soon after 2010.
EMBRYO SCREENING Recent improvements to DNA amplification techniques mean that doctors (potentially from as
F O R M U LT I P L E early as 2005) will be able to screen pre-implantation embryos for multiple genetic traits.
G E N E T I C T R A I T S
B I O T E C H N O L O G I E S T O 2 0 2 5 / 1 1
C H A P T E R T W O
Primary Production
G M C R O P S The ability to genetically modify plants with multiple genetic traits is known as trait “stacking”.
– S TA C K E D T R A I T S GM crops with multiple genetic improvements will enable, in the first instance, greater control
over production traits, such as pest resistance. More complex transformations which target
“output traits” in plants, like increased oils or glucose, will follow. Artificial chromosome
technology and chloroplast transformation are the two most promising technologies for
achieving controlled “stacked” transformations.
M A R K E R - Marker-assisted selection breeding technology for both plants and animals is likely to allow
A S S I S T E D controlled, increasingly complex genetic traits in animal and plant reproduction, without the
S E L E C T I O N need for genetic modification.
B I O P H A R M I N G The production of high-value proteins (like pharmaceuticals), using plants or animals as
bioreactors or “factories”, is forecast to occur between 2007 and 2020. Biopharming using
farm animals is forecast to occur before production in plants.
Industry and Environment
B I O P R O C E S S I N G Micro-organism and enzyme catalysed industrial processing is being transformed by emergent
T E C H N O L O G I E S techniques like metabolic engineering, which manipulates microbial cells to bypass cell processes.
RENEWA B L E S It is estimated that, by 2010, 10% of the global plastics market will be for renewables and,
– B I O P L A S T I C S by 2020–25, this will have expanded to 20% of the market.
Security and Defence
D I A G N O S T I C S National security needs (particularly in the United States) are driving the development of livecell
biosensing technologies and real-time lab-on-a-chip processing capability. These technologies
are anticipated to have spin-offs into civilian markets.
A N T I V I R A L The development of antiviral therapeutics is being driven by biodefence purposes, as well
T
H E R A P E U T I C S as the emergence of diseases like SARS and Avian flu. Approaches include targeting the
“commonalities” between different viruses and attempting to counter viral pathogens in a
generic way.